Abstract
A novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain with 393 nucleotide deletions in the nonstructural protein 2 (Nsp2) region was examined in this study. Results will help improve our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of the North American-type PRRSV in China.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Arteriviridae (order Nidovirales); PRRSV has resulted in immense economic losses in the Chinese swine industry since it was first reported in China in 1996 (1, 2). A highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) with a novel discontinuous 30-amino acid (aa) deletion (i.e., amino acids 481 and 533 to 561 in Nsp2) was first isolated in China in 2006 (3, 4); the European-type PRRSV was reported at the same time (5). The PRRSV epidemiology in China is diverse, although HP-PRRSVs have remained dominant since 2006 (6). Furthermore, PRRSVs have shown remarkable genetic variation through mutation and recombination, thereby resulting in the emergence of many novel variants (7–11). In this study, the complete genome sequence of the novel PRRSV variant HENAN-XINX was examined.
The HENAN-XINX strain was isolated from the lung samples of a piglet that had been vaccinated with a modified live vaccine derived from PRRSV strain VR2332 in a village in Henan province, central China, in March 2013. To determine the complete genome sequence of the HENAN-XINX strain, 10 pairs of specific primers, whose design was based on the sequences of PRRSV strains VR2332 (GenBank accession no. AY150564) and NADC30 (GenBank accession no. JN654459), were used to generate overlapping amplicons by reverse transcription-PCR. In contrast, the 5′ and 3′ regions were acquired through rapid amplification of cDNA ends using a RACE kit (TaKaRa, China). The PCR products were purified, cloned into a pMD18-T vector (TaKaRa), sequenced, and analyzed using DNASTAR (Lasergene) software. The complete PRRSV HENAN-XINX genome was 15,020 nucleotides in length and excluded the poly(A) tail; the genome included the numbers of nucleotides for the following genes: 191 for the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 11,489 for the Rep gene, 771 for the GP2 gene, 765 for the GP3 gene, 537 for the GP4 gene, 603 for the GP5 gene, 525 for the GP6 gene, 372 for the N gene, and 151 for the 3′ UTR.
Complete HENAN-XINX genomic sequence alignment of HENAN-XINX shared 83.19% and 52.29% nucleotide identity with the American prototype VR2332 and the European prototype Lelystad virus (GenBank accession no. M96262), respectively. HENAN-XINX genomic organization is similar to that of American PRRSV strain NADC30 (GenBank accession no. JN654459) with 95.43% nucleotide identity and the same discontinuous 131-aa deletion at amino acids 303, 323 to 433, and 501 to 519 in Nsp2. This result indicated that the HENAN-XINX strain is a North American-type PRRSV.
HENAN-XINX sequence data indicated that a new PRRSV variant has emerged in China. This information will benefit further research on molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PRRSVs in China.
Nucleotide sequence accession number.
The complete genome sequence of the HENAN-XINX strain is available in GenBank under the accession number KF611905.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (program 2011HASTIT009).
Footnotes
Citation Zhou F, Zhao J, Chen L, Chang H-T, Li Y-T, Liu H-Y, Wang C-Q, Yang X. 2015. Complete genome sequence of a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that emerged in China. Genome Announc 3(4):e00702-15. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00702-15.
REFERENCES
- 1.Dea S, Gagnon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B, Rogan D. 2000. Current knowledge on the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus: comparison of the North American and European isolates. Arch Virol 145:659–688. doi: 10.1007/s007050050662. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Guo B, Chen Z, Liu W, Cui Y. 1996. Isolation and identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus from aborted fetuses suspected of PRRS. China J Anim Poult Infect Dis 87:1–4. (In Chinese.) [Google Scholar]
- 3.Li Y, Wang X, Bo K, Wang X, Tang B, Yang B, Jiang W, Jiang P. 2007. Emergence of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the mid-eastern region of China. Vet J 174:577–584. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Tian K, Yu X, Zhao T, Feng Y, Cao Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Chen X, Hu D, Tian X, Liu D, Zhang S, Deng X, Ding Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qiao M, Wang B, Hou L. 2007. Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique Hallmark. PLoS One 2:e526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000526. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Chen N, Cao Z, Yu X, Deng X, Zhao T, Wang L, Liu Q, Li X, Tian K. 2011. Emergence of novel European genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mainland China. J Gen Virol 92:880–892. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.027995-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Zhou L, Chen S, Zhang J, Zeng J, Guo X, Ge X, Zhang D, Yang H. 2009. Molecular variation analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Virus Res 145:97–105. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.06.014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Li B, Fang L, Guo X, Gao J, Song T, Bi J, He K, Chen H, Xiao S. 2011. Epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China between 2006 and 2010. J Clin Microbiol 49:3175–3183. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00234-11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Zhou Z, Ni J, Cao Z, Han X, Xia Y, Zi Z, Ning K, Liu Q, Cai L, Qiu P, Deng X, Hu D, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Wu J, Wang L, Zhang M, Yu X, Zhai X, Tian K. 2011. The epidemic status and genetic diversity of 14 highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP−PRRSV) isolates from China in 2009. Vet Microbiol 150:257–269. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Zhou Z, Li X, Liu Q, Hu D, Yue X, Ni J, Yu X, Zhai X, Galliher-Beckley A, Chen N, Shi J, Tian K. 2012. Complete genome sequence of two novel Chinese virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants. J Virol 86:6373–6374. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00663-12. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Wenhui L, Zhongyan W, Guanqun Z, Zhili L, JingYun M, Qingmei X, Baoli S, Yingzuo B. 2012. Complete genome sequence of a novel variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain: evidence for recombination between vaccine and wild-type PRRSV strains. J Virol 86:9543. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01341-12. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Zhang G, Lu W, Chen Y, Zhu L, Wei Z, Li Z, Sun B, Xie Q, Bi Y, Ma J. 2012. Complete genome sequence of two variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated from vaccinated piglets. J Virol 86:11396–11397. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01843-12. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]