Skip to main content
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1996 Feb 15;15(4):745–752.

Association of the fusion protein NSF with clathrin-coated vesicle membranes.

G J Steel 1, M Tagaya 1, P G Woodman 1
PMCID: PMC450273  PMID: 8631296

Abstract

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) is a component of intracellular transport reactions. In order to understand the role of NSF during the fusion of endocytic transport vesicles with the endosome, we have investigated the binding of NSF to purified clathrin-coated vesicle components. First, we have examined whether detergent-solubilized coated vesicle membranes will support formation of NSF-containing 'fusion complexes'. Our results show that these membranes are substantially enriched in components capable of driving formation of these complexes, when compared with membranes from other sources. Secondly, we have analysed coated vesicle preparations for their NSF content. Coated vesicle preparations contain significant amounts of NSF. This was shown to be associated with coated vesicles rather than contaminating membranes by a number of criteria, and was found to be bound in an ATP-independent manner. These findings are discussed in the light of current models for vesicle fusion.

Full text

PDF
745

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aalto M. K., Ronne H., Keränen S. Yeast syntaxins Sso1p and Sso2p belong to a family of related membrane proteins that function in vesicular transport. EMBO J. 1993 Nov;12(11):4095–4104. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06093.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Balch W. E., Dunphy W. G., Braell W. A., Rothman J. E. Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the Golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(2 Pt 1):405–416. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90019-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Banfield D. K., Lewis M. J., Rabouille C., Warren G., Pelham H. R. Localization of Sed5, a putative vesicle targeting molecule, to the cis-Golgi network involves both its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. J Cell Biol. 1994 Oct;127(2):357–371. doi: 10.1083/jcb.127.2.357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barlowe C., Orci L., Yeung T., Hosobuchi M., Hamamoto S., Salama N., Rexach M. F., Ravazzola M., Amherdt M., Schekman R. COPII: a membrane coat formed by Sec proteins that drive vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell. 1994 Jun 17;77(6):895–907. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90138-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beckers C. J., Block M. R., Glick B. S., Rothman J. E., Balch W. E. Vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stack requires the NEM-sensitive fusion protein. Nature. 1989 Jun 1;339(6223):397–398. doi: 10.1038/339397a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bennett M. K., García-Arrarás J. E., Elferink L. A., Peterson K., Fleming A. M., Hazuka C. D., Scheller R. H. The syntaxin family of vesicular transport receptors. Cell. 1993 Sep 10;74(5):863–873. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90466-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Block M. R., Glick B. S., Wilcox C. A., Wieland F. T., Rothman J. E. Purification of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive protein catalyzing vesicular transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(21):7852–7856. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.21.7852. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brennwald P., Kearns B., Champion K., Keränen S., Bankaitis V., Novick P. Sec9 is a SNAP-25-like component of a yeast SNARE complex that may be the effector of Sec4 function in exocytosis. Cell. 1994 Oct 21;79(2):245–258. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90194-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Burgoyne R. D., Morgan A. Ca2+ and secretory-vesicle dynamics. Trends Neurosci. 1995 Apr;18(4):191–196. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93900-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Buxbaum E., Woodman P. G. Selective action of uncoating ATPase towards clathrin-coated vesicles from brain. J Cell Sci. 1995 Mar;108(Pt 3):1295–1306. doi: 10.1242/jcs.108.3.1295. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Calakos N., Scheller R. H. Vesicle-associated membrane protein and synaptophysin are associated on the synaptic vesicle. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 7;269(40):24534–24537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Clary D. O., Rothman J. E. Purification of three related peripheral membrane proteins needed for vesicular transport. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):10109–10117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dascher C., Ossig R., Gallwitz D., Schmitt H. D. Identification and structure of four yeast genes (SLY) that are able to suppress the functional loss of YPT1, a member of the RAS superfamily. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;11(2):872–885. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.2.872. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Diaz R., Mayorga L. S., Weidman P. J., Rothman J. E., Stahl P. D. Vesicle fusion following receptor-mediated endocytosis requires a protein active in Golgi transport. Nature. 1989 Jun 1;339(6223):398–400. doi: 10.1038/339398a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dunphy W. G., Pfeffer S. R., Clary D. O., Wattenberg B. W., Glick B. S., Rothman J. E. Yeast and mammals utilize similar cytosolic components to drive protein transport through the Golgi complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1622–1626. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1622. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Eakle K. A., Bernstein M., Emr S. D. Characterization of a component of the yeast secretion machinery: identification of the SEC18 gene product. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;8(10):4098–4109. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.10.4098. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Edelmann L., Hanson P. I., Chapman E. R., Jahn R. Synaptobrevin binding to synaptophysin: a potential mechanism for controlling the exocytotic fusion machine. EMBO J. 1995 Jan 16;14(2):224–231. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06995.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ferro-Novick S., Jahn R. Vesicle fusion from yeast to man. Nature. 1994 Jul 21;370(6486):191–193. doi: 10.1038/370191a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Garcia E. P., McPherson P. S., Chilcote T. J., Takei K., De Camilli P. rbSec1A and B colocalize with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 throughout the axon, but are not in a stable complex with syntaxin. J Cell Biol. 1995 Apr;129(1):105–120. doi: 10.1083/jcb.129.1.105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Graham T. R., Emr S. D. Compartmental organization of Golgi-specific protein modification and vacuolar protein sorting events defined in a yeast sec18 (NSF) mutant. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(2):207–218. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.2.207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hardwick K. G., Pelham H. R. SED5 encodes a 39-kD integral membrane protein required for vesicular transport between the ER and the Golgi complex. J Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;119(3):513–521. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.3.513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hayashi T., Yamasaki S., Nauenburg S., Binz T., Niemann H. Disassembly of the reconstituted synaptic vesicle membrane fusion complex in vitro. EMBO J. 1995 May 15;14(10):2317–2325. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07226.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hong R. M., Mori H., Fukui T., Moriyama Y., Futai M., Yamamoto A., Tashiro Y., Tagaya M. Association of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor with synaptic vesicles. FEBS Lett. 1994 Aug 22;350(2-3):253–257. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00778-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ikonen E., Tagaya M., Ullrich O., Montecucco C., Simons K. Different requirements for NSF, SNAP, and Rab proteins in apical and basolateral transport in MDCK cells. Cell. 1995 May 19;81(4):571–580. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90078-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Keen J. H., Willingham M. C., Pastan I. H. Clathrin-coated vesicles: isolation, dissociation and factor-dependent reassociation of clathrin baskets. Cell. 1979 Feb;16(2):303–312. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90007-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Latterich M., Schekman R. The karyogamy gene KAR2 and novel proteins are required for ER-membrane fusion. Cell. 1994 Jul 15;78(1):87–98. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90575-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Malhotra V., Orci L., Glick B. S., Block M. R., Rothman J. E. Role of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive transport component in promoting fusion of transport vesicles with cisternae of the Golgi stack. Cell. 1988 Jul 15;54(2):221–227. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90554-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. McMahon H. T., Ushkaryov Y. A., Edelmann L., Link E., Binz T., Niemann H., Jahn R., Südhof T. C. Cellubrevin is a ubiquitous tetanus-toxin substrate homologous to a putative synaptic vesicle fusion protein. Nature. 1993 Jul 22;364(6435):346–349. doi: 10.1038/364346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Montecucco C., Schiavo G. Mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Jul;13(1):1–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00396.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Morgan A., Dimaline R., Burgoyne R. D. The ATPase activity of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) is regulated by soluble NSF attachment proteins. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 25;269(47):29347–29350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Newman A. P., Shim J., Ferro-Novick S. BET1, BOS1, and SEC22 are members of a group of interacting yeast genes required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jul;10(7):3405–3414. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.7.3405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. O'Connor V., Augustine G. J., Betz H. Synaptic vesicle exocytosis: molecules and models. Cell. 1994 Mar 11;76(5):785–787. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90352-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ostermann J., Orci L., Tani K., Amherdt M., Ravazzola M., Elazar Z., Rothman J. E. Stepwise assembly of functionally active transport vesicles. Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):1015–1025. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90545-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Protopopov V., Govindan B., Novick P., Gerst J. E. Homologs of the synaptobrevin/VAMP family of synaptic vesicle proteins function on the late secretory pathway in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1993 Sep 10;74(5):855–861. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90465-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Pryer N. K., Wuestehube L. J., Schekman R. Vesicle-mediated protein sorting. Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:471–516. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.002351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Ralston E., Beushausen S., Ploug T. Expression of the synaptic vesicle proteins VAMPs/synaptobrevins 1 and 2 in non-neural tissues. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15403–15406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Rexach M. F., Latterich M., Schekman R. W. Characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;126(5):1133–1148. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.5.1133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Rexach M. F., Schekman R. W. Distinct biochemical requirements for the budding, targeting, and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(2):219–229. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.2.219. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Robinson M. S. The role of clathrin, adaptors and dynamin in endocytosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1994 Aug;6(4):538–544. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(94)90074-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Rodriguez L., Stirling C. J., Woodman P. G. Multiple N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive components are required for endosomal vesicle fusion. Mol Biol Cell. 1994 Jul;5(7):773–783. doi: 10.1091/mbc.5.7.773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Rothman J. E. Mechanisms of intracellular protein transport. Nature. 1994 Nov 3;372(6501):55–63. doi: 10.1038/372055a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Rothman J. E., Warren G. Implications of the SNARE hypothesis for intracellular membrane topology and dynamics. Curr Biol. 1994 Mar 1;4(3):220–233. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00051-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Schiavo G., Benfenati F., Poulain B., Rossetto O., Polverino de Laureto P., DasGupta B. R., Montecucco C. Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature. 1992 Oct 29;359(6398):832–835. doi: 10.1038/359832a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Shim J., Newman A. P., Ferro-Novick S. The BOS1 gene encodes an essential 27-kD putative membrane protein that is required for vesicular transport from the ER to the Golgi complex in yeast. J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(1):55–64. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.1.55. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Sumida M., Hong R. M., Tagaya M. Role of two nucleotide-binding regions in an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor involved in vesicle-mediated protein transport. J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 12;269(32):20636–20641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Sztul E., Colombo M., Stahl P., Samanta R. Control of protein traffic between distinct plasma membrane domains. Requirement for a novel 108,000 protein in the fusion of transcytotic vesicles with the apical plasma membrane. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 25;268(3):1876–1885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Söllner T., Bennett M. K., Whiteheart S. W., Scheller R. H., Rothman J. E. A protein assembly-disassembly pathway in vitro that may correspond to sequential steps of synaptic vesicle docking, activation, and fusion. Cell. 1993 Nov 5;75(3):409–418. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90376-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Söllner T., Whiteheart S. W., Brunner M., Erdjument-Bromage H., Geromanos S., Tempst P., Rothman J. E. SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature. 1993 Mar 25;362(6418):318–324. doi: 10.1038/362318a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Søgaard M., Tani K., Ye R. R., Geromanos S., Tempst P., Kirchhausen T., Rothman J. E., Söllner T. A rab protein is required for the assembly of SNARE complexes in the docking of transport vesicles. Cell. 1994 Sep 23;78(6):937–948. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90270-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Südhof T. C., De Camilli P., Niemann H., Jahn R. Membrane fusion machinery: insights from synaptic proteins. Cell. 1993 Oct 8;75(1):1–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Tagaya M., Toyonaga S., Takahashi M., Yamamoto A., Fujiwara T., Akagawa K., Moriyama Y., Mizushima S. Syntaxin 1 (HPC-1) is associated with chromaffin granules. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):15930–15933. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.27.15930. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Tagaya M., Wilson D. W., Brunner M., Arango N., Rothman J. E. Domain structure of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein involved in vesicular transport. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 5;268(4):2662–2666. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Volchuk A., Mitsumoto Y., He L., Liu Z., Habermann E., Trimble W., Klip A. Expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2)/synaptobrevin II and cellubrevin in rat skeletal muscle and in a muscle cell line. Biochem J. 1994 Nov 15;304(Pt 1):139–145. doi: 10.1042/bj3040139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Walch-Solimena C., Blasi J., Edelmann L., Chapman E. R., von Mollard G. F., Jahn R. The t-SNAREs syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 are present on organelles that participate in synaptic vesicle recycling. J Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;128(4):637–645. doi: 10.1083/jcb.128.4.637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Wattenberg B. W., Raub T. J., Hiebsch R. R., Weidman P. J. The activity of Golgi transport vesicles depends on the presence of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and a soluble NSF attachment protein (alpha SNAP) during vesicle formation. J Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;118(6):1321–1332. doi: 10.1083/jcb.118.6.1321. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Whiteheart S. W., Brunner M., Wilson D. W., Wiedmann M., Rothman J. E. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment proteins (SNAPs) bind to a multi-SNAP receptor complex in Golgi membranes. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 15;267(17):12239–12243. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Whiteheart S. W., Rossnagel K., Buhrow S. A., Brunner M., Jaenicke R., Rothman J. E. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein: a trimeric ATPase whose hydrolysis of ATP is required for membrane fusion. J Cell Biol. 1994 Aug;126(4):945–954. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.4.945. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Wilson D. W., Rothman J. E. Expression and purification of recombinant N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein from Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol. 1992;219:309–318. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(92)19031-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Wilson D. W., Whiteheart S. W., Wiedmann M., Brunner M., Rothman J. E. A multisubunit particle implicated in membrane fusion. J Cell Biol. 1992 May;117(3):531–538. doi: 10.1083/jcb.117.3.531. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Wilson D. W., Wilcox C. A., Flynn G. C., Chen E., Kuang W. J., Henzel W. J., Block M. R., Ullrich A., Rothman J. E. A fusion protein required for vesicle-mediated transport in both mammalian cells and yeast. Nature. 1989 Jun 1;339(6223):355–359. doi: 10.1038/339355a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Woodman P. G., Warren G. Isolation of functional, coated, endocytic vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1991 Mar;112(6):1133–1141. doi: 10.1083/jcb.112.6.1133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES