Table 3. Muscle moment arms and mechanical advantages for the specimens prior to retrodeformation.
The mechanical advantage out-lever was calculated as the distance from the jaw joint to the anterior tip of the premaxilla with no rhamphothecae: Garudimimus = 226 mm; Struthiomimus = 183 mm; Ornithomimus = 185 mm.
| Moment arm distances (mm) | Mechanical advantage (jaw tip-joint) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garudi. | Struthio. | Ornitho. | Garudi. | Struthio. | Ornitho. | |
| AMEm | 33.4 | 27.1 | 30.2 | 0.120 | 0.148 | 0.163 |
| AMEp | 49.0 | 30.5 | 26.0 | 0.135 | 0.166 | 0.141 |
| AMEs | 31.8 | 30.4 | 30.7 | 0.135 | 0.166 | 0.166 |
| AMP | 32.8 | 20.2 | 20.8 | 0.089 | 0.110 | 0.112 |
| PSTs | 50.8 | 33.3 | 37.1 | 0.147 | 0.182 | 0.200 |
| PTd | 27.0 | 7.90 | 13.8 | 0.035 | 0.043 | 0.075 |
| PTv | 14.7 | 13.1 | 9.3 | 0.058 | 0.072 | 0.050 |