Table 4.

Association between sources of carbohydrates and symptoms of asthma and allergy in participating in ISAAC Phase III Barranquilla (Odds Ratios, 95% Confidence intervals, and p-values per trend; bold values indicate a statistically significant p-value).

Food Group	Current Wheeze		Rhino-Conjunctivitis		Eczema
	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate
Cereals
Never or rarely	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Once or twice per week	1.01 (0.67 to 1.53)	1.01 (0.66 to 1.52)	1.08 (0.71 to 1.67)	1.06 (0.69 to 1.63)	1.07 (0.76 to 1.52)	1.05 (0.75 to 1.49)
≥3 times per week	0.87 (0.59 to 1.29)	0.87 (0.58 to 1.28)	1.12 (0.75 to 1.68)	1.09 (0.72 to 1.64)	0.91 (0.66 to 1.27)	0.90 (0.65 to 1.25)
p-value	0.19	0.20	0.58	0.64	0.16	0.14
Pasta
Never or rarely	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Once or twice per week	0.90 (0.67 to 1.21)	0.90 (0.68 to 1.21)	1.03 (0.76 to 1.39)	1.01 (0.74 to 1.36)	1.02 (0.81 to 1.31)	1.00 (0.79 to 1.28)
≥3 times per week	0.95 (0.70 to 1.31)	0.97 (0.70 to 1.33)	1.23 (0.89 to 1.70)	1.22 (0.88 to 1.69)	0.87 (0.67 to 1.14)	0.85 (0.65 to 1.11)
p-value	0.92	0.98	0.11	0.12	0.19	0.14
Rice
Never or rarely	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Once or twice per week	0.50 (0.30 to 0.83)	0.51 (0.30 to 0.85)	0.60 (0.36 to 1.00)	0.63 (0.37 to 1.10)	0.47 (0.31 to 0.72)	0.48 (0.31 to 0.75)
≥3 times per week	0.59 (0.37 to 0.92)	0.59 (0.37 to 0.93)	0.60 (0.38 to 0.95)	0.63 (0.39 to 1.00)	0.44 (0.30 to 0.65)	0.45 (0.31 to 0.67)
p-value	0.37	0.35	0.12	0.17	0.001	0.002
Fast food
Never or rarely	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Once or twice per week	1.12 (0.89 to 1.41)	1.11 (0.88 to 1.40)	1.07 (0.86 to 1.33)	1.09 (0.87 to 1.35)	1.03(0.86 to 1.23)	1.02(0.85 to 1.23)
≥3 times per week	1.76 (1.32 to 2.35)	1.74 (1.30 to 2.34)	1.11 (0.81 to 1.51)	1.11 (0.81 to 1.51)	1.11 (0.86 to 1.43)	1.09 (0.84 to 1.40)
p-value	0.001	0.001	0.48	0.44	0.46	0.55