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. 2014 Nov 7;21(1):136–149. doi: 10.1002/chem.201404783

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© 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Scheme 1 — Structural outline of chlorophyll breakdown in senescent leaves. Chlorophylls a&b (Chl a&Chl b) are first degraded to pheophorbide a (Pheo a). Ring opening of the chlorin macrocycle of Pheo a provides an enzyme bound red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC), which is subsequently reduced to the “primary” fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (pFCC, 1) or its 16-epimer (epi-pFCC, 1epi). pFCCs (1/1epi) undergo further modifications and isomerization to “non-fluorescent” chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), such as Hv-NCC-1 (2), first detected in primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare).[3b, 4]