In Table 3, all values for the determinant “Siblings in household” are incorrect. The authors have provided a correct Table 3 here.
Table 3. Bivariate associations with CHQ-score and effect sizes based on interview administration methods.
| Variable | Levels | PhS | PsS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (F-value, p-value) | sd effect size | mean (F-value, p-value) | sd effect size | ||
| Gender | Male | 57.04 | 6.22 | 52.68 | 6.66 |
| Female | 56.95 | 6.04 | 53.36 | 6.29 | |
| (<1, .51) | 0.01 | (22.93, < .001)* | 0.10 | ||
| Age | 4 | 56.63 | 6.47 | 53.30 | 6.12 |
| 5 | 56.86 | 6.33 | 53.75 | 6.17 | |
| 6 | 57.42 | 5.90 | 53.06 | 6.28 | |
| 7 | 57.03 | 6.09 | 53.21 | 6.54 | |
| 8 | 57.09 | 5.92 | 52.49 | 6.64 | |
| 9 | 57.20 | 5.96 | 52.65 | 6.73 | |
| 10 | 56.73 | 6.33 | 52.70 | 6.78 | |
| 11 | 57.02 | 6.01 | 52.88 | 6.58 | |
| (<2, .09) | 0.12 | (4.26, < .001)* | 0.19 | ||
| Ethnicity | Native Dutch people | 57.15 | 6.11 | 53.10 | 6.42 |
| Immigrants, Western | 56.50 | 6.52 | 52.68 | 6.72 | |
| Immigrants, Non-western | 56.35 | 6.31 | 52.68 | 6.60 | |
| (9.13, < .001)* | 0.12 | (<2.5, .08) | 0.06 | ||
| Urbanisation rate | Very high | 56.58 | 6.17 | 52.89 | 6.45 |
| High | 56.96 | 6.09 | 53.04 | 6.55 | |
| Moderately high | 56.98 | 6.29 | 52.89 | 6.46 | |
| Low | 57.18 | 6.09 | 52.99 | 6.48 | |
| Very low | 57.32 | 5.98 | 53.32 | 6.49 | |
| (2.82, .02)* | 0.12 | (<1, .44) | 0.07 | ||
| Single parent family | Two parent family | 57.05 | 6.09 | 53.24 | 6.38 |
| Single parent family | 56.60 | 6.47 | 50.95 | 7.07 | |
| (4.01, .04)* | 0.07 | (96.81, < .001)* | 0.32 a | ||
| Siblings in household | Only child | 56.65 | 6.34 | 52.53 | 6.80 |
| Has 1 brother or sister | 56.93 | 6.18 | 53.00 | 6.42 | |
| Has more brothers/sisters | 57.19 | 6.02 | 53.15 | 6.49 | |
| (3.06, .05)* | 0.04 | (3.11, .04)* | 0.09 | ||
| Working situation Parents | Both parents work | 57.17 | 6.01 | 53.13 | 6.35 |
| One parent works | 56.90 | 6.32 | 53.09 | 6.48 | |
| Parents do not work | 55.53 | 6.98 | 51.63 | 7.25 | |
| (15.62, < .001)* | 0.24 a | (11.78, < .001)* | 0.21 a | ||
| Highest parental educational level | Low | 56.63 | 6.20 | 52.20 | 6.87 |
| Medium | 57.19 | 6.16 | 52.96 | 6.52 | |
| High | 57.02 | 5.95 | 53.52 | 6.22 | |
| (<2, .17) | 0.09 | (10.30, < .001)* | 0.19 | ||
| Low household income | No | 57.04 | 6.10 | 53.17 | 6.39 |
| Yes | 56.80 | 6.20 | 52.37 | 6.82 | |
| (<1.5, .27) | 0.04 | (12.71, < .001)* | 0.12 | ||
| Parents' smoking behaviour | Both parents smoke | 57.05 | 6.16 | 52.82 | 6.49 |
| One parent smokes | 56.75 | 6.36 | 52.71 | 6.59 | |
| Parents do not smoke | 57.12 | 6.08 | 53.22 | 6.38 | |
| (<2.5, .08) | 0.06 | (4.84, .01)* | 0.08 | ||
| BMI child | Normal weight | 57.06 | 6.08 | 53.12 | 6.46 |
| Overweight | 56.68 | 6.33 | 52.90 | 6.57 | |
| Obese | 55.86 | 6.31 | 51.49 | 7.02 | |
| (5.37, .005)* | 0.19 | (7.65, < .001)* | 0.23 a | ||
| Nr of chronic conditions | None | 57.77 | 5.47 | 53.27 | 6.25 |
| 1 | 55.04 | 6.96 | 52.41 | 6.98 | |
| 2 or more | 50.36 | 8.27 | 50.80 | 7.92 | |
| (341.50, < .001)* | 0.90 c | (33.19, < .001)* | 0.31 a | ||
| Nr of behavioural /learning disorders | None | 57.05 | 6.02 | 53.45 | 6.21 |
| 1 | 56.68 | 6.93 | 48.58 | 7.41 | |
| 2 or more | 54.33 | 8.94 | 44.42 | 7.17 | |
| (8.63, < .001)* | 0.30 a | (237.35, < .001)* | 1.26 c | ||
| Number of acute health complaints | None | 58.44 | 4.79 | 53.86 | 6.07 |
| 1 | 55.93 | 6.45 | 52.48 | 6.63 | |
| 2 | 53.70 | 7.59 | 51.53 | 7.25 | |
| 3 or more | 50.51 | 8.67 | 50.94 | 7.58 | |
| (353.60, < .001)* | 0.92 c | (52.07, < .001)* | 0.36 a | ||
| Visited a GP last 14 days | No | 57.35 | 5.77 | 53.02 | 6.43 |
| Yes | 52.41 | 8.49 | 52.84 | 7.20 | |
| (367.28, < .001)* | 0.58 b | (<1, .49) | 0.03 | ||
| Visited medical specialist last 14 days | No | 57.15 | 5.97 | 53.05 | 6.44 |
| Yes | 52.65 | 8.57 | 52.06 | 7.69 | |
| (146.70, < .001)* | 0.53 b | (6.69, .01)* | 0.13 | ||
| Used prescription medicines last 14 days | No | 57.60 | 5.60 | 53.16 | 6.31 |
| Yes | 53.32 | 7.74 | 52.14 | 7.42 | |
| (519.34, < .001)* | 0.55 b | (26.03, < .001)* | 0.14 | ||
| Used non pre-scription medicines last 14 days | No | 57.86 | 5.39 | 53.24 | 6.34 |
| Yes | 54.77 | 7.27 | 52.41 | 6.83 | |
| (441.49, < .001)* | 0.42 a | (27.85, < .001)* | 0.12 | ||
| Hospitalization last year | No | 57.07 | 6.07 | 53.02 | 6.47 |
| Yes | 52.88 | 8.03 | 52.45 | 7.62 | |
| (64.39, < .001)* | 0.52 b | (<1.5, .28) | 0.07 | ||
Effect sizes are highest vs. lowest mean CHQ-score.
a = small difference
b = moderate difference
c = large difference.
# Data were calculates using US based weights and are provided for illustrative purposes. Not for general use.
* Statistically significant.
Reference
- 1. Houben-van Herten M, Bai G, Hafkamp E, Landgraf JM, Raat H (2015) Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in School-Aged Children: A General Population Study in the Netherlands. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0125083 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125083 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
