Abstract
In obese patients, we often find difficulty in laparotomy for placing a lumboperitoneal shunt catheter. The authors introduced an easy technique to get a sufficiently wide and shallow operative field through small abdominal incision in obese people. Four blunt scalp hooks and rubber bands, commonly used in craniotomy, were prepared. The fat layer and the rectus abdominis muscle layer were retracted and pulled up using these hooks. Blunt scalp hooks were useful for safe and effective retraction of abdominal wall, which made a sufficient and shallow operative field.
Keywords: lumboperitoneal shunt, abdominal wall, blunt scalp hook, obesity
Introduction
Placement of lumboperitoneal shunt involves the procedure of abdominal region.1) We had met some difficulties to perform a laparotomy especially in obese patients.2,3) To overcome such problems, we introduced blunt hook with rubber ring (Fig. 1), routinely used for craniotomy, to retract the abdominal wall and to pull up peritoneal membrane.
Fig. 1.
Photograph showing four blunt scalp hooks with rubber ring.
Surgical Technique
Patient's abdominal region is covered with surgical drape. Small skin incision, 3–4 cm in length is made on the abdomen. Fat layer is opened with muscle retractors. After incision of anterior rectus sheath, the sheath is retracted with blunt scalp hooks with rubber ring fixed to surgical drape with Kocher forceps. After splitting rectus muscle, four blunt hooks are then put under the muscle layer, just on the posterior sheath. So, the operative field becomes widened and shallow (Fig. 2). Sufficient operative space is usually obtained with four hooks, two additional hooks are helpful in more obese patients.
Fig. 2.
Photograph showing four blunt scalp hooks with rubber ring retract operative field and elevate subcutaneous tissues.
Results
For the last 3 years, 125 consecutive patients underwent laparotomy using the hooks for lumboperitoneal shunting procedure. There were no difficulties and risks to reach peritoneum and to place abdominal catheter. The peritoneum was lifted up to an average of 2.8 cm in the recently operated five patients. Complications of lumboperitoneal shunt placement with this technique in 125 patients are summarized in Table 1. The frequency of abdominal catheter complications with our method is not high compared with previous report.3)
Table 1.
Complications of lumboperitoneal shunt placement in 125 patients
| Location | Complication | No. of patients |
|---|---|---|
| Lumber catheter | ||
| Migration | 1 | |
| Fracture | 4 | |
| Infection | 1 | |
| Valve | ||
| Failure | 1 | |
| Peritoneal catheter | ||
| Migration | 4 | |
| Obstruction | 1 |
Discussion
Operative field in abdomen are often deep in obese patients. Using this method, we were able to get wide and shallow operative field. Scrubbed assistant for holding muscle retractor was not needed in the procedure of shunt operation. Because the tip of blunt scalp hook is dull, we found no problems during the abdominal procedure with these hooks.
Conclusion
This simple method using blunt scalp hooks is safe, effective, and also economical for inserting abdominal catheter in lumboperitoneal shunt operation.
References
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