Abstract
Gonorrhea may become untreatable due to the spread of resistant or multidrug-resistant strains. Cefixime-resistant gonococci belonging to sequence type 1407 have been described worldwide. We report the genome sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain G2891, a multidrug-resistant isolate of sequence type 1407, collected in Italy in 2013.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires a deeper knowledge of the genetic basis of resistance. The use of genomes for surveillance purposes could be considered a useful strategy to improve public health microbiology (1).
We announce the draft genome sequence of N. gonorrhoeae G2891, collected in 2013 from a heterosexual man of 50 years with urethritis. The isolate was resistant to cefixime (MIC, 0.19 mg/liter), ciprofloxacin (MIC, 32 mg/liter), and azithromycin (MIC, 1.5 mg/liter).
The isolate belonged to ST1407 according to Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST); this sequence type, together with closely related sequence types, defines the genogroup (G) 1407, which is mainly associated with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (2, 3).
DNA was extracted using the QiAmp minikit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) from an overnight culture grown on a Thayer Martin plus 1% IsoVitalex (Oxoid, Hampshire, United Kingdom) agar plate at 37°C. Antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained by E test (bioMérieux, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The clinical breakpoints were those indicated by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing (EUCAST, version 5.0, 2015) (4).
The porB and tbpB alleles were assigned at the NG-MAST website (http://www.ng-mast.net). Whole-genome sequencing was performed using both the MiSeq and the NextSeq 500 Illumina platforms. The MiSeq run generated 2,451,407 paired-end reads (300 × 2 bp), while the NextSeq 500 produced 4,078,929 paired-end reads (150 × 2 bp). Reads were trimmed to keep high-quality bases (Q score >25): 2,113,645 and 2,796,663 paired-end reads, respectively, were further analyzed (coverage ~600×). For both sets of reads, de novo assembly was performed using ABySS version 1.3.5 (5) and Velvet version 1.2.10 (6). To improve the contiguity and the accuracy of the assembly, contigs resulting from different analysis were integrated with CISA (7). The final assembly was composed of 132 contigs (>500 nucleotides), and the draft genome sequence was 2,149,953 bp long.
The 132 contigs were submitted to the NCBI whole-genome shotgun (WGS) submission portal (https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/wgs), and the sequence was annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/annotation_prok).
Of note, N. gonorrhoeae G2891 shared the penA mosaic allele XXXIV (GenBank accession number GU723422.1); this penA allele was described for the first time in San Francisco in 2008 (8) and has been commonly associated with cefixime resistance (9). Moreover, the deletion A in the promoter region and the amino acid substitution H105Y in the mtrR gene, the amino acid substitution L421P in the ponA gene, and the amino acid substitutions G120K and A121N in the porB1b gene were identified. By multilocus sequence typing (MLST), the isolate belonged to ST1901.
Nucleotide sequence accession number.
This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited in DDBJ/GenBank under the accession number LDOB00000000.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Alberto Mattelli (Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Italy) and Maria Antonia De Francesco (Department of “Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale,” Microbiology Section, University of Brescia, Italy) for the collection and identification of the isolate and for the patient’s clinical data.
This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health-CCM Project “Sorveglianza delle Infezioni Sessualmente Trasmesse (IST) attraverso due reti sentinella basate su centri clinici e su laboratori di microbiologia clinica, e Sorveglianza di laboratorio della farmaco resistenza di Neisseria gonorrhoeae come malattia emergente,” 2014. This publication made use of the Neisseria Multilocus Sequence Typing website developed by Keith Jolley and hosted at the University of Oxford (10). The development of this site has been funded by the Wellcome Trust and European Union.
Footnotes
Citation Anselmo A, Ciammaruconi A, Carannante A, Neri A, Fazio C, Fortunato A, Palozzi AM, Vacca P, Fillo S, Lista F, Stefanelli P. 2015. Draft genome sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae sequence type 1407, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. Genome Announc 3(4):e00903-15. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00903-15.
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