Table 2. Behavioral and Physiological Measures per Treatment Group.
Baseline |
Follow-up |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RG |
ADHD |
RG |
ADHD |
|||||
Placebo | Active | Placebo | Active | Placebo | Active | Placebo | Active | |
Behavior, mean (SD) | ||||||||
CBCL ADHDa | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.1 (2.3) | 9.0 (3.1) | 8.8 (2.1) | 2.5 (2.3) | 1.8 (1.6) | 10.1 (2.2) | 7.6 (3.5) |
CBCL Attention Problems | 2.7 (2.8) | 2.5 (3.6) | 8.9 (3.5) | 9.1 (2.5) | 3.4 (2.8)b | 2.4 (2.6)b | 10.5 (3.3)b | 7.7 (3.0)b |
CBCL Rule Breaking | 1.4 (2.2) | 0.7 (0.9) | 3.8 (2.3) | 3.1 (2.8) | 1.0 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.8) | 4.1 (2.4) | 2.4 (1.9) |
CBCL Aggressive Behavior | 2.2 (3.7) | 2.2 (2.7) | 11.0 (5.8) | 9.7 (7.2) | 1.8 (3.1) | 2.7 (3.2) | 11.8 (5.4) | 7.8 (3.5) |
Physiology, mean (SD) | ||||||||
%DHA (C22:6 n-3)c | 0.58 (0.23) | 0.54 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.19) | 0.49 (0.13) | 0.48 (0.19)d | 0.68 (0.24)d | 0.54 (0.15)d | 0.67 (0.27)d |
Urine samples HVAe | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) |
EFAQf | 1.3 (2.3) | 0.9 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.7) | 1.8 (2.1) | 1.3 (2.3) | 0.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (2.0) | 1.8 (1.7) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EFAQ, Essential Fatty Acids Questionnaire; HVA, homovanillic acid; RG, reference group of typically developing children.
RGplacebo: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up; RGactive: 2 follow-up; ADHDactive: 1 baseline, 6 follow-up.
Main effect of diagnosis and treatment group at follow-up (ANCOVA and LME: p≤0.001).
RGplacebo: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up; RGactive: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up; ADHDplacebo: 3 baseline, 1 follow-up; ADHDactive: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up, 1 both (missing data).
Main effect of treatment group at follow-up (ANCOVA and LME: p<0.001).
RGplacebo: 2 follow-up; RGactive: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up; ADHDactive: 1 baseline, 2 follow-up (missing data).
RGplacebo: 2 follow-up; RGactive: 1 follow-up; ADHDactive: 1 baseline, 1 follow-up (missing data).