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. 1988 Feb;7(2):377–384. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02824.x

The human beta-globin gene contains multiple regulatory regions: identification of one promoter and two downstream enhancers.

M Antoniou 1, E deBoer 1, G Habets 1, F Grosveld 1
PMCID: PMC454330  PMID: 2835225

Abstract

We have introduced into murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells several series of deletion mutants of hybrid genes between the human beta-globin gene and the murine H-2Kb gene. S1 nuclease and transcriptional run-off analysis showed that the human beta-globin gene contains at least three globin specific transcriptional control elements. One is a promoter element and is located 160 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site; it increases the efficiency of the promoter after MEL cells are induced to differentiate. The other two elements are tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers and are located downstream from the transcription initiation site, the first in the structural beta-globin gene and the second in the 3' flanking sequences.

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