Table 2.

Associations between pre-treatment NNRTI resistance mutations detected by population sequencing and AS-PCR and clinical characteristics.

Clinical characteristics	Y181C by population genotype	K103N by population genotype	Y181C by AS-PCR only*	K103N by AS-PCR only	Other major NNRTI mutations	No NNRTI mutations detected	p-value**
Age of child
0-12 months	45/178 (25.3%)	11/178 (6.2%)	18/173 (10.4%)	9/178 (5.1%)	4/178 (2.2%)	86/178 (48.3%)
12-24 months	7/77 (9.1%)	2/77 (2.6%)	4/77 (5.2%)	2/77 (2.6%)	0	62/77 (80.5%)	<0.0001
Gender
Male	26/127 (20.5%)	3/127 (2.4%)	10/124 (8.1%)	5/127 (3.9%)	2/127 (1.6%)	78/127 (61.4%)
Female	26/128 (20.3%)	10/128 (7.8%)	12/126 (9.5%)	6/128 (4.7%)	2/128 (1.6%)	70/128 (54.7%)	0.29
Pre-treatment CD4%
0-20	33/141 (23.4%)	6/141 (4.3%)	14/138 (10.1%)	5/141 (3.5%)	3/141 (2.1%)	77/141 (54.6%)
>=20	19/114 (16.7%)	7/114 (6.1%)	8/112 (7.1%)	6/114 (5.3%)	1/114 (0.9%)	71/114 (62.3%)	0.28
Pre-Rx viral load***
<100,000 copies/ml	0	1/17 (5.9%)	1/16 (6.3%)	0	0	14/17 (82.4%)
100,000-750,000	10/60 (16.7%)	3/60 (5.0%)	4/59 (6.8%)	5/60 (8.3%)	1/60 (1.7%)	36/60 (60.0%)
≥750,000 copies/ml	38/160 (23.8%)	9/160 (5.6%)	16/157 (10.2%)	4/160 (2.5%)	2/160 (1.3%)	88/160 (55.0%)	0.0314
Clinical stage****
I	5/39 (12.8%)	3/39 (7.7%)	2/37 (5.4%)	3/39 (7.7%)	0	24/39 (61.5%)
II	1/11 (9.1%)	0	2/11 (18.2%)	1/11 (9.1%)	0	7/11 (63.6%)
III	27/126 (21.4%)	5/126 (4.0%)	12/123 (9.8%)	3/126 (2.4%)	2/126 (1.6%)	74/126 (58.7%)
IV	18/76 (23.7%)	5/76 (6.6%)	6/76 (7.9%)	4/76 (5.3%)	2/76 (2.6%)	41/76 (53.9%)	0.25

^*Five Y181C AS-PCR indeterminate samples were excluded from analysis

^**P-values determined by comparing all subjects with NNRTI mutations to those without (Chi-squared tests)

^***Eighteen samples had no corresponding viral load data

^****Three samples had no corresponding clinical staging data