Table 2.
Mean (95% CI) survival times (days) during starvation for immature and adult stages of two pyrethroid-susceptible (HS and BS) and two pyrethroid-resistant (RR and ER) bed bug strains (reared at 26.1–26.5 °C, 68.9% RH, photoperiod 12:12 hour L:D).
| Bed Bug Strain | Mean Survival Time (days) during Starvation (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Instar | Adult | ||||||
|
| |||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | Female | Male | |
| Harlan (HS) | 36.3 a, A (35.4–37.7) |
56.3 b, A (53.2–59.1) |
90.1 c, A (85.9–100.1) |
95.8 c, A (91.5–105.8) |
99.3 c, A (95.5–107.7) |
92.6 c, A (88.9–99.1) |
99.4 c, A (94.9–106.3) |
| British (BS) | 28.6 a, B (27.3–31.6) |
68.3 b, B (65.0–74.2) |
118.1 c, B (116.4–123.0) |
124.2 d, B (120.4–131.9) |
127.9 d, B (118.1–142.6) |
74.5 e, B (73.9–79.5) |
82.6 f, B (78.4–92.9) |
| Epic Center (ER) | 15.0 a, C (10.9–19.8) |
27.9 b, C (22.5–32.4) |
38.3 c, C (36.2–44.4) |
61.0 d, C (55.4–71.7) |
73.2 e, C (69.9–79.5) |
62.5 d, B (55.2–76.3) |
60.3 d, C (59.9–63.9) |
| Richmond (RR) | 13.8 a, C (11.5–16.4) |
27.8 b, C (26.5–30.3) |
28.2 b, D (25.1–32.1) |
33.4 c, D (30.6–38.2) |
43.7 d, D (41.5–48.5) |
43.7 d, D (39.0–50.9) |
42.9 d, D (42.1–47.2) |
*
Significant differences in the mean survival times among factor levels were determined by the non-overlapping 83% confidence intervals. Means across each row (within strain) followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different. Means within each column (between strains) followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different.