Figure 1.

Area nomenclature and location as defined by Babenko and Fjellberg [44], including indication of weather stations used in the study indicating type of data obtained as t: temperature and p: precipitation (1: Tromsø (t&p), 2: Arkhangelsk(t&p), 3: Ostrov Dikson, (t), 4: Dudinka (p), 5: Tiski (t&p), 6: Shmidta (t), 7: Anadyr' (p), 8: Cape Lisburne (t), 9: Fairbanks (p), 10: Cambridge Bay (t), 11: Inuvik (p), 12: Illulisat (t), 13: Nuuk (p)). Capital letters define continental areas and lower case indicate Arctic islands (A: western Europe, B: eastern Europe, C: Urals, D: west and mid-Siberia, E: east Siberia, F: North- East Asia, G: western America, H: eastern America, I: Greenland, a: Svalbard, b: Franz Josef Land, c: Novaya Zemlya, d: Severnaya Zemlya, e: New Siberian Islands, f: Wrangel island, h: Queen Elisabeth Islands and Ellesmere island).