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. 1988 Sep;7(9):2757–2763. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03130.x

Tissue-specific and steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the oestrogen-inducible apoVLDL II promoter in vivo.

J Wijnholds 1, J N Philipsen 1, G Ab 1
PMCID: PMC457066  PMID: 3181140

Abstract

Using in vivo dimethylsulphate footprinting, we have analysed protein--DNA interactions within the promoter region of the oestrogen-inducible gene encoding chicken apo very low density lipoprotein II (apoVLDL II). Most of the guanosine--protein contacts found, are located within the 230-bp DNA 5' flanking the gene and can be grouped into separate protein-binding sites. Two of these sites resemble the oestrogen-responsive element (ERE) which is the target site for the oestrogen receptor. A third site has some features in common with the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter element binding the COUP transcription factor. All protein contacts identified are present in the apoVLDL-II-expressing liver exclusively, and are not found in the hormone-naive liver, in erythrocytes or the oviduct tubular gland. Our results demonstrate the binding in vivo of a protein, presumably the oestrogen receptor, to the ERE and suggest that the hormone activates transcription by establishing a transcription complex comprising several factors at the apoVLDL II promoter.

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