Abstract
Three small RNA species were detected in human cells, and their cDNAs were synthesized and cloned. These RNAs are nucleolar, are 207, 154, and 135 nucleotides long, and are named E1, E2, and E3, respectively, and their unique nucleotide sequences suggest that they may belong to an additional family of small nucleolar RNAs. The 5' ends of these three RNAs do not appear to have a trimethylguanosine cap or another type of cap. Apparent homologs of these three RNAs were detected in mouse, rabbit, and frog cells, suggesting their universal importance. They are housekeeping RNA species, since they are present in all rabbit tissues analyzed.
Full text
PDF![635](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89b1/45718/50ab178fb88a/pnas01100-0281.png)
![636](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89b1/45718/955cef81fe9e/pnas01100-0282.png)
![637](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89b1/45718/f4bf379a1d29/pnas01100-0283.png)
![638](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89b1/45718/44ec8536ed0b/pnas01100-0284.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baserga S. J., Gilmore-Hebert M., Yang X. W. Distinct molecular signals for nuclear import of the nucleolar snRNA, U3. Genes Dev. 1992 Jun;6(6):1120–1130. doi: 10.1101/gad.6.6.1120. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baserga S. J., Yang X. D., Steitz J. A. An intact Box C sequence in the U3 snRNA is required for binding of fibrillarin, the protein common to the major family of nucleolar snRNPs. EMBO J. 1991 Sep;10(9):2645–2651. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07807.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Choudhury K., Choudhury I., Jones R. W., Thirunavukkarasu C., Eliceiri G. L. Metabolism of U6 RNA species in nonirradiated and UV-irradiated mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol. 1988 Dec;137(3):529–536. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041370319. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Geiduschek E. P., Tocchini-Valentini G. P. Transcription by RNA polymerase III. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:873–914. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gold H. A., Topper J. N., Clayton D. A., Craft J. The RNA processing enzyme RNase MRP is identical to the Th RNP and related to RNase P. Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1377–1380. doi: 10.1126/science.2476849. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes J. M., Ares M., Jr Depletion of U3 small nucleolar RNA inhibits cleavage in the 5' external transcribed spacer of yeast pre-ribosomal RNA and impairs formation of 18S ribosomal RNA. EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4231–4239. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb05001.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes J. M., Konings D. A., Cesareni G. The yeast homologue of U3 snRNA. EMBO J. 1987 Jul;6(7):2145–2155. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02482.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kass S., Tyc K., Steitz J. A., Sollner-Webb B. The U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein functions in the first step of preribosomal RNA processing. Cell. 1990 Mar 23;60(6):897–908. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90338-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lerner M. R., Steitz J. A. Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5495–5499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.11.5495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li H. D., Zagorski J., Fournier M. J. Depletion of U14 small nuclear RNA (snR128) disrupts production of 18S rRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;10(3):1145–1152. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.3.1145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Luhrmann R., Appel B., Bringmann P., Rinke J., Reuter R., Rothe S., Bald R. Isolation and characterization of rabbit anti-m3 2,2,7G antibodies. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Nov 25;10(22):7103–7113. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.22.7103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxwell E. S., Martin T. E. A low-molecular-weight RNA from mouse ascites cells that hybridizes to both 18S rRNA and mRNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(19):7261–7265. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7261. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mullis K. B., Faloona F. A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:335–350. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55023-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nielsen H., Orum H., Engberg J. A novel class of nucleolar RNAs from Tetrahymena. FEBS Lett. 1992 Aug 3;307(3):337–342. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80708-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reddy R., Li W. Y., Henning D., Choi Y. C., Nohga K., Busch H. Characterization and subcellular localization of 7-8 S RNAs of Novikoff hepatoma. J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 25;256(16):8452–8457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reeder R. H. rRNA synthesis in the nucleolus. Trends Genet. 1990 Dec;6(12):390–395. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(90)90298-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Savino R., Gerbi S. A. In vivo disruption of Xenopus U3 snRNA affects ribosomal RNA processing. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2299–2308. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07401.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singh R., Reddy R. Gamma-monomethyl phosphate: a cap structure in spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8280–8283. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith J. H., Eliceiri G. L. Antibodies elicited by N2,N2-7-trimethylguanosine react with small nuclear RNAs and ribonucleoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 10;258(7):4636–4640. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thirunavukkarasu C., Choudhury K., Ninichuck A. J., Choudhury I., Eliceiri G. L. Effect of ultraviolet light on the expression of genes for human U1 RNA. J Cell Physiol. 1988 Oct;137(1):55–64. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041370107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tollervey D. A yeast small nuclear RNA is required for normal processing of pre-ribosomal RNA. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):4169–4175. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02763.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tollervey D., Wise J. A., Guthrie C. A U4-like small nuclear RNA is dispensable in yeast. Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):753–762. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90108-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tyc K., Steitz J. A. U3, U8 and U13 comprise a new class of mammalian snRNPs localized in the cell nucleolus. EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):3113–3119. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08463.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg R. A., Penman S. Small molecular weight monodisperse nuclear RNA. J Mol Biol. 1968 Dec;38(3):289–304. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90387-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yuan Y., Singh R., Reddy R. Rat nucleolar 7-2 RNA is homologous to mouse mitochondrial RNase mitochondrial RNA-processing RNA. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14835–14839. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zagorski J., Tollervey D., Fournier M. J. Characterization of an SNR gene locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that specifies both dispensible and essential small nuclear RNAs. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3282–3290. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.8.3282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]