Figure 2.

Study training tasks. Each subject practiced four training tasks in module 1, three (cart setup, port placement, workspace test) in module 2, and an ex vivo procedure in module 3. (A) Module 1. Four tasks for first module (left), endoscopic workspace test for module 2 (right). (B) Module 2 patient cart, port, and instrument setup. (C) Tumor excision and margin measurement in module 3. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

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