Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients diagnosed with stage I, II and III breast cancer in Denmark during 1996 to 2008 (n=34,188), according to post-diagnosis opioid use and breast cancer recurrence.
| Patients n (%) | Patients with recurrence n (%) | Total person-years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
| Opioid non- users (n = 18,231) |
Opioid users (n = 15,957) |
No recurrence; No opioids (n=28,863) |
Recurrence during opioid non- exposure (n=4,469) |
Recurrence during opioid exposure (n=856) |
Opioid non- users (n = 195,339) |
Opioid users (n=37,791) |
|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | |||||||
| ≤29 | 81 (0.4) | 39 (0.2) | 83 (0.3) | 33 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | 657 | 63 |
| 30–39 | 1,007 (5.5) | 584 (3.7) | 1,218 (4.2) | 324 (7.3) | 49 (5.8) | 9,742 | 1,072 |
| 40–49 | 3,580 (20) | 2,382 (15) | 4,685 (17) | 861 (19) | 116 (14) | 38,922 | 4,998 |
| 50–59 | 5,816 (32) | 4,579 (29) | 8,709 (30) | 1,457 (33) | 229 (27) | 63,874 | 10,707 |
| 60–69 | 5,307 (29) | 5,143 (32) | 8,912 (31) | 1,261 (28) | 277 (32) | 57,164 | 12,830 |
| 70–79 | 2,066 (11) | 2,676 (17) | 4,099 (14) | 492 (11) | 151 (18) | 22,021 | 6,930 |
| ≥80 | 374 (2.1) | 554 (3.5) | 857 (3) | 41 (0.9) | 30 (3.5) | 2,960 | 1,192 |
| Menopausal status at diagnosis | |||||||
| Pre-menopausal | 5,818 (32) | 3,804 (24) | 8,007 (28) | 1,435 (32) | 180 (21) | 62,661 | 7,755 |
| Post-menopausal | 12,405 (68) | 12,146 (76) |
20,842 (72) | 3,033 (68) | 676 (79) | 132,622 | 30,010 |
| Unknown | 8 (0.04) | 7 (0.04) | 14 (<0.1) | 1 (<0.1) | 0 | 56 | 26 |
| UICC stage | |||||||
| Stage 1 | 6,785 (37) | 6,177 (39) | 11,553 (40) | 1,198 (27) | 211 (25) | 80,218 | 15,327 |
| Stage 2 | 8,136 (45) | 7,118 (45) | 13,136 (46) | 1,790 (40) | 328 (38) | 88,968 | 17,026 |
| Stage 3 | 3,310 (18) | 2,662 (17) | 4,174 (17) | 1,481 (33) | 317 (37) | 26,152 | 5,439 |
| Histologic grade | |||||||
| Specimen not suitable for grading | 67 (0.4) | 62 (0.4) | 116 (0.4) | 9 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | 793 | 118 |
| Grade I | 4,821 (26) | 4,650 (29) | 8,400 (29) | 884 (20) | 187 (22) | 56,573 | 11,742 |
| Grade II | 6,878 (38) | 6,041 (38) | 10,938 (38) | 1,640 (37) | 341 (40) | 72,933 | 14,186 |
| Grade III | 4,006 (22) | 3,024 (19) | 5,521 (19) | 1,290 (29) | 219 (26) | 35,938 | 6,279 |
| Unknown | 2,459 (14) | 2,180 (14) | 3,888 (13) | 646 (14) | 105 (12) | 29,101 | 5,467 |
| ER/ET status | |||||||
| ER+/ET+ | 9,299 (51) | 8,567 (54) | 15,402 (53) | 2,017 (45) | 447 (52) | 98,539 | 20,278 |
| ER+/ET− | 4,524 (25) | 4,040 (25) | 7,263 (35) | 1,111 (25) | 190 (22) | 54,313 | 10,281 |
| ER−/ET+ | 109 (0.6) | 95 (0.6) | 170 (0.6) | 32 (0.7) | 2 (0.2) | 1,218 | 278 |
| ER−/ET− | 3,815 (21) | 2,839 (18) | 5,322 (18) | 1,143 (26) | 189 (22) | 35,756 | 5,908 |
| Unknown | 484 (2.7) | 416 (2.6) | 706 (2.5) | 166 (3.7) | 28 (3.3) | 5,512 | 1,047 |
| Type of primary surgery | |||||||
| Mastectomy | 10,116 (55) | 9,246 (58) | 15,656 (54) | 3,075 (69) | 631 (74) | 108,563 | 22,457 |
| Breast conserving surgery & radiotherapy |
8,111 (45) | 6,709 (42) | 13,202 (46) | 1,393 (31) | 225 (26) | 86,754 | 15,332 |
| Unknown or other | 4 (0.02) | 2 (0.01) | 5 (<0.1) | 1 (<0.1) | 0 | 22 | 2 |
| Chemotherapy | |||||||
| No | 11,428 (63) | 11,321 (71) |
19,267 (67) | 2,854 (64) | 628 (73) | 129,587 | 28,666 |
| Yes | 6,803 (37) | 4,636 (29) | 9,596 (33) | 1,615 (36) | 228 (27) | 65,752 | 9,125 |
| Other drug exposures | |||||||
| Simvastatin | 3,073 (17) | 4,045 (25) | 6,724 (23) | 307 (7) | 87 (10) | 42,868 | 10,756 |
| Aspirin | 2,576 (14) | 4,226 (27) | 6,175 (21) | 446 (10) | 181 (21) | 36,993 | 11,770 |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 4,697 (26) | 5,860 (37) | 9,080 (31) | 1,168 (26) | 309 (36) | 60,274 | 16,083 |
| Medical history at diagnosis | |||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 112 (0.6) | 241 (1.5) | 316 (1.1) | 28 (0.6) | 9 (1.1) | 1,547 | 586 |
| Congestive heart failure | 93 (0.5) | 200 (1.3) | 264 (0.9) | 19 (0.4) | 10 (1.2) | 938 | 570 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 138 (0.8) | 386 (2.4) | 462 (1.6) | 33 (0.7) | 29 (3.4) | 1,845 | 1,077 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 370 (2.0) | 621 (3.9) | 883 (3.1) | 72 (1.6) | 36 (4.2) | 4,024 | 1,607 |
| (Metastatic) Solid tumor, leukemia, or lymphoma |
937 (5.1) | 950 (6.0) | 1,610 (5.6) | 218 (4.9) | 59 (6.9) | 9,563 | 2,281 |
| Diabetes type I | 106 (0.6) | 155 (1.0) | 219 (0.8) | 27 (0.6) | 15 (1.8) | 1,040 | 423 |
| Diabetes type II | 192 (1.1) | 380 (2.4) | 498 (1.7) | 52 (1.2) | 22 (2.6) | 2,204 | 1,027 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 88 (0.5) | 224 (1.4) | 270 (0.9) | 28 (0.6) | 14 (1.6) | 1,201 | 740 |
| Osteoarthritis | 473 (2.6) | 1,425 (8.9) | 1,646 (5.7) | 158 (3.5) | 94 (11) | 7,332 | 4,460 |