42Gepner, 2012 |
Wisconsin |
Healthy |
64 ± 3 |
119 |
CRP |
75.8 |
120 |
62.5 |
17 |
CRP, 0.97 |
43Pittas |
Boston |
Healthy |
71 |
314 |
CRP, IL-6 |
71.2 vs. 81·2* |
102.4 vs 73·4 |
500 mg/d Ca + 17.5/d |
156 |
CRP, 0.87; IL-6, 0.78 |
44Von Hurst, 2010 |
New Zealand S. Asian women |
Healthy |
42 ± 10 |
81 |
CRP, |
21.0 |
80 |
100 |
26 |
CRP, 0.05 |
45Bjorkman, 2009 |
Finland |
Long-term care patients |
85 ± 8 |
218 |
CRP |
23.8 |
72.6 |
30 |
26 |
No change |
46Barnes, 2011 |
Ireland |
Community |
71 ± 4 |
211 |
CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α |
55 |
74 |
15 |
22 |
p > 0.05 |
47 Wood, 2012 |
UK |
Healthy postmenopausal women |
64 ± 2 |
305 |
CRP, ICAMs-1, IL-6 |
32.4 |
65.5, 75.3 |
25 vs 10 |
52 |
CRP, 0.73; .ICAMs-1, 0.67; IL-6, 0.84 |
48Chandler, 2014 |
Massachusetts |
Community, African-Americans |
51 |
328 |
CRP, IL-6, IL-10, sTNF-R2 |
38 |
115 |
25, 50, 100 |
13 |
CRP, 0.91; IL-6, 0.84; IL-10, 0.40; sTNF-R2, 0.35 |
49Bischoff-Ferrari, 2012 |
Zurich |
Healthy women |
63 ± 8 |
20 |
Eotaxin, IL-12, MCP-1, MIP-1β |
35.5 |
77.5 |
20 |
17 |
Eotaxin, 0.0002; IL-12, <0.001; MCP-1, 0.01; MIP-1β, 0.01 |
50Asemi, 2013 |
Iran |
Pregnant, healthy |
25 ± 4 |
48 |
CRP, TAC, |
44.5 |
53.8 |
10 |
9 |
CRP, 0.01; TAC, 0.002 |
51Jorde, 2010 |
Norway |
Community, obese |
21–70 |
324 |
CRP, ICAM-10, IFN-c, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, |
57 |
101, 134 |
500 or 1000/wk |
52 |
p > 0.05 |
52Beilfuss, 2012 |
Norway |
Overweight, obese |
50 |
332 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α |
54.3 |
99 |
50, 100/wk |
52 |
Elevated CRP <0.05; IL-6, 0.08; others >0.05 |
53Belenchia, 2013 |
Missouri |
Obese adolescents |
14 ± 3 |
35 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α |
49.0 |
98.0 |
100 |
26 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, >0.05 |
54 Carrillo, 2013 |
Indiana |
Overweight, obese |
26 ± 5 |
23 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α |
52 |
83.5 |
91 |
12 |
CRP, >0.5; IL-6, >0.5; TNF-α, >0.5 |
55Zittermann, 2009 |
Germany |
Overweight, obese |
48 ± 10 |
165 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α (treatment x time) |
30.0 |
85.5 |
83 |
52 |
CRP, 0.48; IL-6, 0.12; TNF-α, 0.049 |
56Mason, 2104 |
Washington |
Obese undergoing weight loss |
60 ± 5 |
120 |
CRP |
53.5 |
87.5 |
50 |
52 |
CRP, 0.03 |
57Wamberg, 2013 |
Denmark |
Obese |
40 ± 8 |
52 |
CRP, IL-6 |
34.5 |
110.2 |
175 |
26 |
p > 0.05 |
58Hopkins, 2011 |
Georgia |
Colorectal adenoma patients |
60 ± 8 |
92 |
Combined inflammation Score |
52.5 |
72.5 |
20 |
26 |
P = 0.003 |
59Rahimi-Ardabili, 2012 |
Iran |
PCOS patients |
27 ± 5 |
50 |
CRP |
17.3 |
58.5 |
1250/20 days |
8 |
CRP, 0.68 |
60Sinha-Hikim, 2014 |
California, |
Pre-diabetics, African-American and Latino, |
52 ± 7 |
80 |
CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, |
54.8 |
175 |
305 |
52 |
CRP, 0.43; IL-6, 0.67; TNF-α, 0.43 |
61Yiu, 2013 |
Hong Kong |
T2DM patients |
65 ± 9 |
100 |
CRP |
52.8 |
139.6 |
125 |
12 |
CRP, 0.72 |
62Breslavsky, 2013 |
Israel |
T2DM patients |
66 ± 10 |
47 |
CRP |
29.5 |
44 |
25 |
52 |
CRP, 0.60 |
63Grimnes, 2011 |
Norway |
Community |
52 ± 9 |
94 |
CRP |
42.2 |
142.7 |
1000/wk |
26 |
CRP, 0.64; |
64Shab-Budarm 2012 |
Iran |
T2DM patients |
30–60 |
100 |
E-selectin |
38.0 |
72 |
25 |
12 |
Decreased, 0.035 |
65Kampman, 2014 |
Denmark |
T2DM patients |
62 ± 4 |
16 |
CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α |
31.0 |
104 |
140 |
13 |
CRP, >0.05; IL-6, 0.41; IL-10, 0.40; TNF-α, 0.63 |
66Bucharles, 2011 |
Brazil |
Hemodialysis patients, renal failure |
59 ± 15 |
30 |
CRP, IL-6 |
45.3 |
101 |
1250, then 500/wk |
26 |
CRP, 0.04; IL-6, 0.02 |
67Alvarez, 2013 |
Georgia |
Early chronic kidney disease |
63 ± 10 |
46 |
IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, |
67.5 |
193 |
1250/wk |
12 |
MCP-1, 0.02; others >0.05 |
68Sokol, 2012 |
New York |
cardiac catheterization patients |
55 ± 10 |
90 |
IL-6, IL-12, CRP |
32.5 |
100 |
1250/wk D2
|
12 |
IL-6, 0.94; IL-12; 0.72; CRP, 0.19 |
69Stricker, 2012 |
Switzerland |
PAD patients |
73 ± 9 |
62 |
inflammation parameters |
41 |
61 |
2500 once D2
|
4 |
TAT, 0.94; F1+2, 0.54; PAI-1, 0.47; CRP, 0.61 |
70Witham, 2010 |
Scotland |
Systolic heart failure patients |
79 ± 6 |
105 |
TNF-α, |
20.5 |
40 |
2500 at baseline, 10 wks D2
|
20 |
TNF-α, 0.85 |
71Schleithoff, 2006 |
Germany |
CHF patients |
57 ± 4 |
123 |
CRP, IL-10, TNF-α |
38.0 |
103 |
50 |
39 |
CRP, 0.25; IL-10, 0.04; TNF-α, 0.006 |
72Longenecker, 2012 |
Georgia |
HIV patients |
47 ± 8 |
45 |
CRP, IL-6 |
22.5 |
35 |
100 |
12 |
CRP, 0.29; IL-6, 0.01 |
73Mahon, 2003 |
New York |
Multiple sclerosis patients |
ns |
39 |
TNF-α, IFN-g, IL-2, IL-13, TGF-β |
42.5 |
70 |
25 |
26 |
Only TGF-β improved, (no P values) |
74Pappa, 2014 |
Boston |
Children with IBD |
15 ± 3 |
63 |
Number of those with elevated CRP, IL-6, ESR |
82.5 vs 70·0 |
75-87 vs 69-74 |
25 in fall, 50 in winter vs. 10* (D2) |
52 |
CRP, 0.05; IL-6, 0.04; ESR 0.10 |
75Grossmann, 2012 |
Georgia |
Cystic fibrosis patients |
25 ± 16 |
30 |
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18-iBP, TNF-α |
76.5 |
92 |
6250 once |
12 |
IL-6, 0.11; IL-8, 0.01; TNF-α, 0·005; others >0.10 |
76Shedeed, 2012 |
Egypt |
Infants, CHF |
10 ± 5 mos |
80 |
IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α |
33.5 |
82.2 |
25 |
12 |
All improved, P < 0.001 |
77Abou-Raya, 2013 |
Egypt |
Systemic lupus erythematosus patients |
39 ± 6 |
267 |
IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, |
19.9 |
49.8 |
94.5 |
52 |
All improved, p < 0.05 |
78Hansen, 2014 |
Wisconsin |
Patients with RA |
45–55 |
22 |
TNF-α |
62.5 |
75 |
1250/2 wks (D2) |
52 |
TNF-α Increased, p = 0.04 |
79Arnson, 2013 |
Israel |
ACS patients |
60 ± 13 |
50 |
CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF |
46.7 vs 45.6 |
62.3 vs 57.2 |
100 |
5 days |
CRP, 0.03; IL-6, 0.05; IL-8, 0.10; TNF, 0.16 |
80Coussens |
UK |
TB patients |
32 (24–42) |
146 |
ESR, CRP, 9 cytokines, 7 chemokines |
23.8 |
108 |
2500 on day 7, 14, 28 and 42 |
8 |
CRP, 0.007; ESR, <0.001; CXCL9, <0.001; IL-10, 0.002 |