Skip to main content
British Heart Journal logoLink to British Heart Journal
. 1973 Mar;35(3):229–235. doi: 10.1136/hrt.35.3.229

Understanding the atrial sound.

H J Bethell, P G Nixon
PMCID: PMC458597  PMID: 4266339

Full text

PDF
229

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AGRESS C. M., FIELDS L. G., WEGNER S., WILBURNE M., SHICKMAN M. D., MULLER R. M. The normal vibrocardiogram. Physiologic variations and relation to cardiodynamic events. Am J Cardiol. 1961 Jul;8:22–31. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(61)90175-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BEILIN L., MOUNSEY P. The left ventricular impulse in hypertensive heart disease. Br Heart J. 1962 Jul;24:409–421. doi: 10.1136/hrt.24.4.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BENCHIMOL A., DIMOND E. G. The apexcardiogram in normal older subjects and in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. Effect of exercise on the "a" wave. Am Heart J. 1963 Jun;65:789–801. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(63)90244-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BRAUNWALD E., GOLDBLATT A., AYGEN M. M., ROCKOFF S. D., MORROW A. G. Congenital aortic stenosis. I. Clinical and hemodynamic findings in 100 patients. II. Surgical treatment and the results of operation. Circulation. 1963 Mar;27:426–462. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.27.3.426. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Banks T., Shugoll G. I. Confirmatory physical findings in angina pectoris. JAMA. 1967 Jun 19;200(12):1031–1035. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bennett E. D., Smithen C. R., Sowton E. Significance of atrial sound in acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J. 1972 Feb;34(2):202–202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CREVASSE L., WHEAT M. W., WILSON J. R., LEEDS R. F., TAYLOR W. J. The mechanism of the generation of the third and fourth heart sounds. Circulation. 1962 Apr;25:635–642. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.25.4.635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cohn P. F., Vokonas P. S., Williams R. A., Herman M. V., Gorlin R. Diastolic heart sounds and filling waves in coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1971 Aug;44(2):196–202. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.44.2.196. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DOCK W., GRANDELL F., TAUBMAN F. The physiologic third heart sound: its mechanism and relation to protodiastolic gallop. Am Heart J. 1955 Sep;50(3):449–464. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(55)90166-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. DOCK W. The forces needed to evoke sounds from cardiac tissues, and the attenuation of heart sounds. Circulation. 1959 Mar;19(3):376–385. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.19.3.376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. EDDLEMAN E. E., Jr, WILLIS K., REEVES T. J., HARRISON T. R. The kinetocardiogram. I. Method of recording precordial movements. Circulation. 1953 Aug;8(2):269–275. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.8.2.269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GRAYZEL J. Gallop rhythm of theart. I. Atrial gallop, ventricular gallop and systolic sounds. Am J Med. 1960 Apr;28:578–592. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(60)90152-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hill J. C., O'Rourke R. A., Lewis R. P., Mcgranahan G. M. The diagnostic value of the atrial gallop in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1969 Aug;78(2):194–201. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(69)90008-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Jain S. R., Lindahl J. Apex cardiogram and systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J. 1971 Jul;33(4):578–584. doi: 10.1136/hrt.33.4.578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. KINCAID-SMITH P., BARLOW J. The atrial sound and the atrial component of the first heart sound. Br Heart J. 1959 Oct;21:470–478. doi: 10.1136/hrt.21.4.470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. KINCAID-SMITH P., BARLOW J. The atrial sound in hypertension and ischemic heart disease, with reference to its timing and mode of production. Br Heart J. 1959 Oct;21:479–491. doi: 10.1136/hrt.21.4.479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McGinn F. X., Gould L., Lyon A. F. The phonocardiogram and apexcardiogram in patients with ventricular aneurysm. Am J Cardiol. 1968 Apr;21(4):467–477. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(68)90278-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. NIXON P. G., HEPBURN F., IKRAM H. SIMULTANEOUS RECORDING OF HEART PULSES AND SOUNDS. Br Med J. 1964 May 2;1(5391):1169–1169. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5391.1169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. NIXON P. G. The third heart sound in mitral regurgitation. Br Heart J. 1961 Nov;23:677–689. doi: 10.1136/hrt.23.6.677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nixon P. G., Bethell H. J. Atrial gallop in diagnosis of early coronary heart disease. Br Heart J. 1972 Feb;34(2):202–202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nixon P. G., Bethell H. J. Coronary deaths -how unexpected? Br Med J. 1971 Nov 20;4(5785):486–487. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5785.486-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. O'Rourke R. A. The atrial sound. Factors regulating its occurrence and timing. Am Heart J. 1970 Nov;80(5):715–716. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(70)90020-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. ROSA L. M., CONSTANTINO J. P., REICH R., KARSAK N., ZEZMER B. The precordial accelerogram in normal subjects and noncardiac patients. Exp Med Surg. 1961;19:207–222. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stott D. K., Marpole D. G., Bristow J. D., Kloster F. E., Griswold H. E. The role of left atrial transport in aortic and mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1970 Jun;41(6):1031–1041. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.41.6.1031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tavel M. E., Campbell R. W., Feigenbaum H., Steinmetz E. F. The apex cardiogram and its relationship to haemodynamic events within the left heart. Br Heart J. 1965 Nov;27(6):829–839. doi: 10.1136/hrt.27.6.829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Taylor D. J., Nixon P. G. Assessment of left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Br Heart J. 1972 Sep;34(9):905–910. doi: 10.1136/hrt.34.9.905. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Heart Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES