Skip to main content
. 2015 Sep 8;112(38):11935–11940. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1515864112

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Inhibition of translation and splicing using VMOs (A–C) Schematic representation of the binding sites of luciferase-VMO. (A), PfPMT-VMO (B), and PfCRT-VMO (C) on their respective sites on the mRNA or pre-mRNA. Arrows indicate the sites and orientation of the primers used for qPCR. cDNA was made from VMO-treated 3D7 parasites. (D) Luciferase-expressing parasites were treated with 1 or 2 µM Ctrl-VMO and luciferase-VMO; 72 h (one cycle) and 96 h (two cycles) later parasites lysates were used for luciferase assay. Luciferase activity is plotted after normalization to Ctrl-VMO. (E and G) qPCR studies with primers 2F and 2R to amplify PfPMT or PfCRT steady-state transcripts. (F and H) qPCR analyses carried out using primers 1F and 1R, which amplify PfPMT or PfCRT unspliced transcripts. The results represent three independent experiments, and the error bars indicate SE of mean. The level of significance in the graph is indicated with an asterisk (*P < 0.01). (I) cDNA from PBS (lane 1), PfPMT-VMO (lane 2), and PfCRT-VMO (lane 3) treated 3D7 parasites along with genomic DNA (lane 4) were amplified using PfPMT 3F and 3R, and the PCR products were separated on a 1% agarose gel.