Table 3.
Comparison and characterization of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) central repeat region among quartan malaria species.
The table shows that the otherwise species-specific immunodominant repeat region of the CS protein is the same for all quartan malaria parasites. It consists of the major repeat unit NAAG and the minor repeat unit NDAG. Numbers of the repeat unit can change between isolates; this has been shown for all Plasmodium spp. Clones of PCR amplified CSP alleles from three isolates are displayed each representing P. brasilianum, P. malariae Myanmar strain 1, and P. malariae Myanmar strain 2, identified by 18S gene sequencing in this study. African isolates start with a NDAG unit, whereas isolates from Asia and South America (P. malariae and P. brasilianum) start with NDEG.
| Central immunodominant repeat units | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein ID | Species (strain) | Origins (authors) | Repeat start | Minor unit | No. | Major unit | No. | Repeat size |
| KM016332 | P. brasilianum | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 4 | NAAG | 50 | 54 |
| KM016333 | P. brasilianum | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 4 | NAAG | 50 | 54 |
| KM016334 | P. brasilianum | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 4 | NAAG | 50 | 54 |
| KM016337 | P. malariae (Myanmar type 1) | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 4 | NAAG | 50 | 54 |
| KM016338 | P. malariae (Myanmar type 1) | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 4 | NAAG | 49 | 53 |
| KM016335 | P. malariae (Myanmar type 2) | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 5 | NAAG | 50 | 55 |
| KM016336 | P. malariae (Myanmar type 2) | Venezuela (this study) | NDEG | NDAG | 5 | NAAG | 51 | 56 |
| AAA29553 | P. brasilianum | Unknown (Lal et al., 1988) | NDEG | NDAG | 5 | NAAG | 58 | 63 |
| AGO33295 | P. brasilianum | Brazil (Araújo et.al. 2013) | NDEG | NDAG | 2 | NAAG | 21 | 23 |
| AAA18618 | P. malariae (China-1 CDC) | China (Qari et.al. 1994) | NDEG | NDAG | 7 | NAAG | 46 | 53 |
| AAA29557 | P. malariae (Uganda-1 CDC) | Uganda (Lal et al., 1988) | NDAG | NDAG | 6 | NAAG | 45 | 51 |
| CAA04809 | P. malariae | Cameroon (Tahar et al., 1998) | NDAG | NDAG | 7 | NAAG | 44 | 51 |
| CAA04812 | P. malariae | Cote d'Ivoire (Tahar et al., 1998) | NDAG | NDAG | 6 | NAAG | 46 | 52 |