-
MOP agonists may cause the following
-
a)
Respiratory depression
-
b)
Nausea
-
c)
Pro-nociceptive effects
-
d)
Bradycardia
-
e)
Decreased gastric motility
-
a)
-
Regarding the DOP receptor
-
a)
Binding of a DOP agonist to the receptor may cause spinal analgesia
-
b)
Dynorphin-A is the endogenous peptide for the receptor
-
c)
Leu-enkephalin does not bind to the receptor
-
d)
DOP receptors are present both spinally and supraspinally
-
e)
The DOP receptor is a non-classical opioid receptor
-
a)
-
The following can be extracted from the opium poppy
-
a)
Fentanyl
-
b)
Dihydrocodeine
-
c)
Thebaine
-
d)
Pethidine
-
e)
Heroin
-
a)
-
Patients' beliefs about pain
-
a)
are hereditary
-
b)
are socially defined
-
c)
play an important role in the development of chronic pain and disability
-
d)
are all their thoughts about pain
-
a)
-
Pain Behaviour is
-
a)
an exaggerated response to painful stimulus
-
b)
an indication of the patient's attempts to mislead the clinician
-
c)
influenced by the patient's knowledge and beliefs of their condition
-
d)
is everything the patient says and does
-
a)
-
Acculturation is
-
a)
the beliefs the patient has from their country of origin
-
b)
the adoption of values, beliefs, cultures and lifestyles of their host country
-
c)
the religious orientation of the patient
-
d)
defined by ethnicity
-
a)
-
Previous research suggests that the cultural differences found in laboratory based pain studies could be explained by
-
a)
Differences in the subject's cultural context
-
b)
Differences in the researchers cultural background
-
c)
Differences in the length of pain duration
-
d)
Differences in an individuals work status
-
a)
-
Which statements with regard to the aetiology of pain in pregnancy are correct?
-
a)
Back pain may be attributed to the mechanical changes which occur as a result of the gravid uterus
-
b)
Relaxin is the definitive hormone implicated in the genesis of musculoskeletal pain in pregnancy
-
c)
Separation of the abdominal muscles may result in pain
-
d)
Stretching of the round ligament is painless
-
e)
Where radicular symptoms occur, they are commonly caused by a herniated intervertebral disc
-
a)
-
Back pain in pregnancy is a potentially difficult condition to manage because
-
a)
it is an uncommon occurrence
-
b)
patients who complain of back pain often have a somatisation disorder
-
c)
it is more likely to be due to a herniated lumbovertebral disc than in the non-pregnant patient
-
d)
there is a lack of randomised control trials to support therapeutic interventions and drug therapy is hampered by considerations of teratogenicity
-
e)
it does not respond to pregnancy-specific exercises or acupuncture
-
a)
-
Which of the following statements are true?
-
a)
back pain after delivery is uncommon
-
b)
patients who have an epidural for analgesia during labour are more likely to have long term back pain
-
c)
tension headaches and migraines increase in severity toward the end of the first trimester
-
d)
non-pharmacological techniques should be used to manage non obstetric pain in pregnancy where possible
-
e)
major birth defects are more likely if the fetus is exposed to teratogenic agents from 17 to 70 days post conception
-
a)
Answers to multiple choice questions: 1. a,b,d,e – 2. a,d – 3. c – 4. b,c – 5. c,d – 6. b – 7. a,b,c,d – 8. a,c – 9. d – 10. d,e;