Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2414–2418. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.6.2414

A mammalian DNA-binding protein that contains a chromodomain and an SNF2/SWI2-like helicase domain.

V Delmas 1, D G Stokes 1, R P Perry 1
PMCID: PMC46097  PMID: 8460153

Abstract

Two overlapping cDNAs that encode a 197-kDa sequence-selective DNA-binding protein were isolated from libraries derived from mouse lymphoid cell mRNA. In addition to a DNA-binding domain, the protein contains both a chromodomain, which occurs in proteins that are implicated in chromatin compaction, and an SNF2/SWI2-like helicase domain, which occurs in proteins that are believed to activate transcription by counteracting the repressive effects of chromatin structure. A Southern blot analysis indicated that this protein, which we have named CHD-1, for chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein, is present in most, if not all, mammalian species. A Northern blot analysis revealed multiple CHD mRNA components that differed both qualitatively and quantitatively among various cell types. The various mRNAs, which are probably produced by alternative RNA processing, could conceivably encode tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific isoforms of the protein. Based on its interesting combination of features, we suspect that CHD-1 plays an important role in gene regulation.

Full text

PDF
2414

Images in this article

2417Fig. 3
on p.2417
2417Fig. 4
on p.2417
2418Fig. 5
on p.2418

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Atchison M. L., Delmas V., Perry R. P. A novel upstream element compensates for an ineffectual octamer motif in an immunoglobulin V kappa promoter. EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3109–3117. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07508.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beckmann H., Su L. K., Kadesch T. TFE3: a helix-loop-helix protein that activates transcription through the immunoglobulin enhancer muE3 motif. Genes Dev. 1990 Feb;4(2):167–179. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.2.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Churchill M. E., Travers A. A. Protein motifs that recognize structural features of DNA. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Mar;16(3):92–97. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(91)90040-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Felsenfeld G. Chromatin as an essential part of the transcriptional mechanism. Nature. 1992 Jan 16;355(6357):219–224. doi: 10.1038/355219a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. James T. C., Elgin S. C. Identification of a nonhistone chromosomal protein associated with heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster and its gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3862–3872. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.3862. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kelley D. E., Pollok B. A., Atchison M. L., Perry R. P. The coupling between enhancer activity and hypomethylation of kappa immunoglobulin genes is developmentally regulated. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):930–937. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kozak M. An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8125–8148. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Laurent B. C., Treitel M. A., Carlson M. Functional interdependence of the yeast SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins in transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2687–2691. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.7.2687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laurent B. C., Yang X., Carlson M. An essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene homologous to SNF2 encodes a helicase-related protein in a new family. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1893–1902. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.4.1893. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Messmer S., Franke A., Paro R. Analysis of the functional role of the Polycomb chromo domain in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Dev. 1992 Jul;6(7):1241–1254. doi: 10.1101/gad.6.7.1241. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mitchell P. J., Tjian R. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):371–378. doi: 10.1126/science.2667136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Okabe I., Bailey L. C., Attree O., Srinivasan S., Perkel J. M., Laurent B. C., Carlson M., Nelson D. L., Nussbaum R. L. Cloning of human and bovine homologs of SNF2/SWI2: a global activator of transcription in yeast S. cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Sep 11;20(17):4649–4655. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.17.4649. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Paro R., Hogness D. S. The Polycomb protein shares a homologous domain with a heterochromatin-associated protein of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):263–267. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.1.263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pearce J. J., Singh P. B., Gaunt S. J. The mouse has a Polycomb-like chromobox gene. Development. 1992 Apr;114(4):921–929. doi: 10.1242/dev.114.4.921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Singh P. B., Miller J. R., Pearce J., Kothary R., Burton R. D., Paro R., James T. C., Gaunt S. J. A sequence motif found in a Drosophila heterochromatin protein is conserved in animals and plants. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 25;19(4):789–794. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.4.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tamkun J. W., Deuring R., Scott M. P., Kissinger M., Pattatucci A. M., Kaufman T. C., Kennison J. A. brahma: a regulator of Drosophila homeotic genes structurally related to the yeast transcriptional activator SNF2/SWI2. Cell. 1992 Feb 7;68(3):561–572. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90191-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Travers A. A. The reprogramming of transcriptional competence. Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):573–575. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90218-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Vinson C. R., LaMarco K. L., Johnson P. F., Landschulz W. H., McKnight S. L. In situ detection of sequence-specific DNA binding activity specified by a recombinant bacteriophage. Genes Dev. 1988 Jul;2(7):801–806. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.7.801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Winston F., Carlson M. Yeast SNF/SWI transcriptional activators and the SPT/SIN chromatin connection. Trends Genet. 1992 Nov;8(11):387–391. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(92)90300-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES