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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ergonomics. 2015 Apr 22;58(10):1726–1744. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1029534

Table 4.

HFE in the content of FCR redesign.

HFE design
principles		 Description Activities
Shared mental model Knowledge structure held by members of a team that enables them to form accurate explanations and expectations for the task, and in turn, to coordinate their actions and adapt their behavior to demands of the task and other team members (Cannon-Bowers, Salas and Converse 1993)

  • Use of FCR checklist to develop shared mental model of rounds among healthcare team members, patients and families

  • Use of FCR checklist to facilitate communication among healthcare team members, patients and families
Usability Extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use (ISO 9241-11 1998)

  • Designing for usability

    • ○

      Integration of HFE checklist principles (e.g., content, format) in design of FCR checklist

    • ○

      Iterative design of prototypes of FCR checklist

  • Evaluation of usability

    • ○

      Pilot study and revision of FCR checklist
Workload consideration Avoiding dysfunctional mental workload and providing for optimal mental workload which will avoid impairing effects and promote facilitating effects and the personal development of the worker (ISO 10075-2 1996)

  • Assignment of checklist holder role by considering different roles on rounds and their workload

  • Use of laminated FCR checklist as visual cue to avoid adding workload to healthcare team members
Systems approach Considering interactions among work system elements and levels (Carayon et al. 2006; Waterson 2009; Wilson 2000)

  • Description of FCR process and related work system

  • Identification of work system facilitators and barriers to family engagement in FCR
Considering context and dynamic impact of individual work system elements on the whole system (Carayon et al. 2006; Waterson 2009; Wilson 2000)

  • Adaptation of FCR checklist to different services

  • Change of work system elements to facilitate use of FCR checklist
Considering linkage between work system, care processes and system outcomes (Carayon et al. 2006; Waterson 2009; Wilson 2000)

  • Design and implementation of FCR checklist (tool) to improve family engagement in FCR (process) and, therefore, patient safety (outcome)