Table 5.

Perioperative complications.

		Awake Regional n=339	Spinal (REF) n= 222	CSCA n=117	Odds Ratio/# Mean % change	95% CI	p value
Anesthetic time(min)a	Median (IQR)	50 [40 – 68]	45 [38 – 57]	63 [46 – 90]	1.36#	(1.20 – 1.55)	<0.001
Bradycardia	Any Bradycardia	5 (1.6%)	3 (1.5%)	2 (1.8%)	1.19	0.21 – 7.01	0.84
	Minimum Heart Rate	133.8 (16.5)	133.7 (17.6)	134.2(14.2)	2.26	−1.55 – 6.07	0.25
Hypotension	Any Hypotension	23 (6.8%)	10 (4.5%)	13 (11.1%)	1.97	0.79 – 4.89	0.14
	Minimum Systolic BP	71.1 (15.1)	73.0 (14.2)	67.7 (16.0)	−6.43	−12.29 – −0.58	0.03
	Minimum Diastolic BP	32.0 (9.1)	33.3 (8.5)	29.5 (9.5)	−3.57	−7.44 – 0.30	0.07
	Any intravenous bolus	19 (5.6%)	8(3.6%)	11(9.4%)	1.81	0.60 – 5.42	0.29
	Any vasoactive drug	5(1.5%)	3(1.4%)	2 (1.7%)	1.33	0.28 – 6.41	0.72
	Bolus +Vasoactive drug	1	1	0	N/A*
Hypoxemia	During performance of block	4 (1.3%)	4 (2.1%)	0 (0%)	N/A*
	SpO2 <90% during surgery	19 (5.6%)	15 (6.8%)	4 (3.4%)	0.75	0.3–1.85	0.54
	Bag Mask Ventilation during case	8 (2.3%)	3 (1.3%)	5 (4.3%)	3.27	0.37–28.5	0.28
Intraoperative restraint		132 (39.1%)	89 (40.3%)	43 (36.8%)	0.72	0.20 – 2.55	0.61

BP = Blood Pressure; CSCA = combined spinal caudal anesthetic; IQR = Interquartile Range; Min = Minute; N/A = Not Applicable; Mean diff = mean difference.

For binary variables raw counts and percentage of total of the first catergory presented are shown. For continuous data mean and standard deviation are shown. The odds ratio as estimated from a univariable logistic regression and for # anesthetic time only, the mean percentage change is estimated from a linear regression model after applying a log-transformation to the anesthetic times.

^aMean increase between groups,

^*OR cannot be estimated using generalized estimating equation approach because of the zero cell.