Table 1.
Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and intake of 12 food groups by gender among undergraduates, University of Turku, Finland, 2013–2014.
| Males | Females | p ** | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| 302 (29.4) | 725 (70.6) | ||
| Age group (years) | 0.04 | ||
| <20 | 78 (25.8) | 232 (32.0) | |
| 20–25 | 183 (60.6) | 376 (51.9) | |
| ≥25 | 41 (13.6) | 116 (16.0) | |
| Living situation | 0.02 | ||
| Living with partner | 71 (23.7) | 220 (30.5) | |
| Economic situation | 0.41 | ||
| Always/mostly sufficient | 120 (40.3) | 309 (43.1) | |
| Moderate physical activity | 0.64 | ||
| Adherence to guideline | 45 (15.0) | 116 (16.1) | |
| BMI (reported) | <0.0001 | ||
| Underweight (≤18.5 kg/m2) | 10 (3.3) | 49 (6.8) | |
| Normal (18.5–25 kg/m2) | 201 (65.6) | 581 (80.1) | |
| Overweight (>25 kg/m2) | 91 (30.1) | 95 (13.1) | |
| Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) * | |||
| Sweets | 7 (2.3) | 58 (8.0) | 0.0007 |
| Cake, cookies | 1 (0.3) | 11 (1.5) | 0.11 |
| Snacks | 1 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) | 0.64 |
| Fresh fruits | 108 (35.8) | 429 (59.1) | <0.0001 |
| Salad, raw vegetables | 173 (57.3) | 525 (72.4) | <0.0001 |
| Cooked vegetables | 60 (19.9) | 233 (32.1) | <0.0001 |
| Fast food, canned food | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Lemonade, soft drinks | 19 (6.3) | 21 (2.9) | 0.01 |
| Meat, sausages | 165 (54.6) | 215 (29.6) | <0.0001 |
| Fish, sea food | 19 (6.3) | 15 (2.1) | 0.0006 |
| Milk, milk products | 232 (76.8) | 560 (77.2) | 0.88 |
| Cereals, cereal products | 133 (44.0) | 429 (59.2) | <0.0001 |
| Self-reported health | 0.001 | ||
| Excellent/very good | 178 (58.9) | 330 (52.4) | |
| Good | 94 (31.1) | 303 (41.8) | |
| Fair/poor | 30 (9.9) | 42 (5.7) | |
| Faculty | <0.0001 | ||
| Humanity | 61 (20.3) | 257 (35.7) | |
| Mathematics Natural Science | 95 (31.5) | 120 (16.7) | |
| Medicine | 50 (16.6) | 86 (12.0) | |
| Law | 8 (2.7) | 54 (7.5) | |
| Social Science | 24 (7.8) | 63 (8.8) | |
| Education | 15 (5.0) | 65 (9.0) | |
| Economics | 48 (16.0) | 74 (10.3) |
* Percentages calculated for intake of “several times per day” or “daily”; ** chi-square test.