Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is the primary component responsible for eliciting the majority of biological activities associated with Bordetella pertussis, including the induction of several tissue-adjuvant models of organ-specific autoimmune disease. PTX, when administered in vivo, enhances vascular permeability, which is made manifest by a concomitant increase in sensitivity to a variety of agents and treatments affecting the vascular bed. One such agent is histamine, and the response to PTX, as measured by hypersensitivity following vasoactive amine challenge, is genetically controlled by the Bphs locus. Susceptibility to the induction of both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) in mice is associated with, and in the latter case linked to, a susceptible allele at this locus. We report here the mapping of the Bphs locus to mouse chromosome 6, telomeric of Tcrb and centromeric of Prp (D6Nds8). This region also contains a number of loci of immunologic relevance including Igk, Ly-2, Ly-3, Il-5r, Ly-35, Ly-4, and Tnfr-2.
Full text
PDF![3700](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aca7/46369/5ee7076128c7/pnas01467-0592.png)
![3701](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aca7/46369/843f061bd9cb/pnas01467-0593.png)
![3702](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aca7/46369/922a6b98b115/pnas01467-0594.png)
![3703](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aca7/46369/991af867ffa6/pnas01467-0595.png)
![3704](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aca7/46369/dbbd28191aa1/pnas01467-0596.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Amiel S. A. The effects of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on cerebral vascular permeability. Br J Exp Pathol. 1976 Dec;57(6):653–662. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Arai H., Munoz J. J. Crystallization of pertussigen from Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1981 Jan;31(1):495–499. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.1.495-499.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bell G. I., Karam J. H., Rutter W. J. Polymorphic DNA region adjacent to the 5' end of the human insulin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5759–5763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bergman R. K., Munoz J. Action of the histamine sensitizing factor from Bordetella pertussis on inbred and random bred strains of mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1968;34(4):331–338. doi: 10.1159/000230127. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berr C., Dugoujon J. M., Clanet M., Cambon-Thomsen A., Alperovitch A. A possible new genetic marker associated with a severe course of multiple sclerosis, located on chromosome 2: Km. N Engl J Med. 1989 Feb 16;320(7):467–467. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198902163200715. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blankenhorn E. P., Stranford S. A., Smith P. D., Hickey W. F. Genetic differences in the T cell receptor alleles of LEW rats and their encephalomyelitis-resistant derivative, LER, and their impact on the inheritance of EAE resistance. Eur J Immunol. 1991 Sep;21(9):2033–2041. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830210910. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cornall R. J., Prins J. B., Todd J. A., Pressey A., DeLarato N. H., Wicker L. S., Peterson L. B. Type 1 diabetes in mice is linked to the interleukin-1 receptor and Lsh/Ity/Bcg genes on chromosome 1. Nature. 1991 Sep 19;353(6341):262–265. doi: 10.1038/353262a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dietrich W., Katz H., Lincoln S. E., Shin H. S., Friedman J., Dracopoli N. C., Lander E. S. A genetic map of the mouse suitable for typing intraspecific crosses. Genetics. 1992 Jun;131(2):423–447. doi: 10.1093/genetics/131.2.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elliott R. W., Moore K. J. Mouse chromosome 6. Mamm Genome. 1992;3(Spec No):S81–103. doi: 10.1007/BF00648424. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Esch T., Clark L., Zhang X. M., Goldman S., Heber-Katz E. Observations, legends, and conjectures concerning restricted T-cell receptor usage and autoimmune disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 1992;11(5):249–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gough N. M., Rakar S. Localization of the IL-5 receptor gene to the distal half of murine chromosome 6 using recombinant inbred strains of mice. Genomics. 1992 Apr;12(4):855–856. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90328-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harris J. O., Frank J. A., Patronas N., McFarlin D. E., McFarland H. F. Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with early, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: implications for clinical trials and natural history. Ann Neurol. 1991 May;29(5):548–555. doi: 10.1002/ana.410290515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hickey W. F., Hsu B. L., Kimura H. T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Res. 1991 Feb;28(2):254–260. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490280213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hillert J., Olerup O. Germ-line polymorphism of TCR genes and disease susceptibility--fact or hypothesis? Immunol Today. 1992 Feb;13(2):47–49. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90132-Q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jiang H., Zhang S. I., Pernis B. Role of CD8+ T cells in murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1213–1215. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5060.1213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koh D. R., Fung-Leung W. P., Ho A., Gray D., Acha-Orbea H., Mak T. W. Less mortality but more relapses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in CD8-/- mice. Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1210–1213. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5060.1210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lander E. S., Green P., Abrahamson J., Barlow A., Daly M. J., Lincoln S. E., Newberg L. A., Newburg L. MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics. 1987 Oct;1(2):174–181. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(87)90010-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larsen G. L., Henson P. M. Mediators of inflammation. Annu Rev Immunol. 1983;1:335–359. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.01.040183.002003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Linthicum D. S., Frelinger J. A. Acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. II. Susceptibility is controlled by the combination of H-2 and histamine sensitization genes. J Exp Med. 1982 Jul 1;156(1):31–40. doi: 10.1084/jem.156.1.31. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Linthicum D. S., Munoz J. J., Blaskett A. Acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. I. Adjuvant action of Bordetella pertussis is due to vasoactive amine sensitization and increased vascular permeability of the central nervous system. Cell Immunol. 1982 Nov 1;73(2):299–310. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(82)90457-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Love J. M., Knight A. M., McAleer M. A., Todd J. A. Towards construction of a high resolution map of the mouse genome using PCR-analysed microsatellites. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jul 25;18(14):4123–4130. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.14.4123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lynch S. G., Rose J. W., Petajan J. H., Leppert M. Discordance of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1992 Apr;42(4):839–844. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.4.839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lynch S. G., Rose J. W., Petajan J. H., Stauffer D., Kamerath C., Leppert M. Discordance of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes in familial multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1991 Sep;30(3):402–410. doi: 10.1002/ana.410300313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martell M., Marcadet A., Strominger J., Dausset J., Cohen D. Les gènes alpha du récepteur des cellules T: une possible implication dans la susceptibilité génétique à la sclérose en plaques. C R Acad Sci III. 1987;304(5):105–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin R., McFarland H. F., McFarlin D. E. Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:153–187. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.001101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Melvold R. W., Jokinen D. M., Knobler R. L., Lipton H. L. Variations in genetic control of susceptibility to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease. I. Differences between susceptible SJL/J and resistant BALB/c strains map near the T cell beta-chain constant gene on chromosome 6. J Immunol. 1987 Mar 1;138(5):1429–1433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Munoz J., Bergman R. K. Histamine-sensitizing factors from microbial agents, with special reference to Bordetella pertussis. Bacteriol Rev. 1968 Jun;32(2):103–126. doi: 10.1128/br.32.2.103-126.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oksenberg J. R., Sherritt M., Begovich A. B., Erlich H. A., Bernard C. C., Cavalli-Sforza L. L., Steinman L. T-cell receptor V alpha and C alpha alleles associated with multiple and myasthenia gravis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(3):988–992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.3.988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ovary Z., Vris T. W., de Szalay C., Vaz N. M., Iritani C. A. Independent segregation of the H-2 locus and the locus for responsiveness to histamine-sensitizing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Sep;70(9):2500–2501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2500. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ruddle N. H., Bergman C. M., McGrath K. M., Lingenheld E. G., Grunnet M. L., Padula S. J., Clark R. B. An antibody to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor prevents transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1193–1200. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.4.1193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith L. R., Plaza A., Singer P. A., Theofilopoulos A. N. Coding sequence polymorphisms among V beta T cell receptor genes. J Immunol. 1990 Apr 15;144(8):3234–3237. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steinman L., Oksenberg J. R., Bernard C. C. Association of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis with TCR genes. Immunol Today. 1992 Feb;13(2):49–51. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90133-R. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Teuscher C. Experimental allergic orchitis in mice. II. Association of disease susceptibility with the locus controlling Bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine. Immunogenetics. 1985;22(5):417–425. doi: 10.1007/BF00418088. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Todd J. A., Aitman T. J., Cornall R. J., Ghosh S., Hall J. R., Hearne C. M., Knight A. M., Love J. M., McAleer M. A., Prins J. B. Genetic analysis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus in mice. Nature. 1991 Jun 13;351(6327):542–547. doi: 10.1038/351542a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wardlaw A. C. Inheritance of responsiveness to pertussis HSF in mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1970;38(6):573–589. doi: 10.1159/000230313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodward S. R., Sudweeks J., Teuscher C. Random sequence oligonucleotide primers detect polymorphic DNA products which segregate in inbred strains of mice. Mamm Genome. 1992;3(2):73–78. doi: 10.1007/BF00431249. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]