Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 May 1;90(9):3963–3967. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.9.3963

Ligand-dependent transformation by the receptor for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor beta subunit.

L B Areces 1, M Jücker 1, J A San Miguel 1, A Mui 1, A Miyajima 1, R A Feldman 1
PMCID: PMC46426  PMID: 7683416

Abstract

The receptor for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGMR) is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are both required for high-affinity binding of the ligand. To examine the transforming potential of hGMR, we have transfected cDNAs encoding the receptor alpha and beta subunits into NIH 3T3 cells, which normally do not express GMRs. Introduction of the receptor subunits into these cells resulted in focal transformation, which was dependent on the presence of human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in the culture medium. No transformation was observed when hGM-CSF was replaced with other growth factors such as human epidermal growth factor or human interleukin 3 or when cells were transfected with the alpha or beta subunit alone. Individual conditional transformants isolated after transfection expressed functional hGMRs, were susceptible to transformation by picomolar levels of the ligand, and were capable of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar in the presence but not in the absence of hGM-CSF. Biochemical analysis showed that treatment of these cells with hGM-CSF caused a rapid phosphorylation of the beta subunit and other cellular proteins on tyrosine residues, recapitulating some of the events that take place during GM-CSF signaling in myeloid cells. We conclude that coexpression of the alpha and beta subunits of hGMR in established murine fibroblasts is sufficient to reconstitute a functional receptor, which is capable of causing ligand-dependent transformation. The oncogenic potential of hGMR lends support to the hypothesis that its deregulated or abnormal expression may play a role in leukemogenesis.

Full text

PDF
3963

Images in this article

3964Fig. 1
on p.3964
3965Fig. 2
on p.3965
3966Fig. 3
on p.3966

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arai K. I., Lee F., Miyajima A., Miyatake S., Arai N., Yokota T. Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Annu Rev Biochem. 1990;59:783–836. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bazan J. F. Structural design and molecular evolution of a cytokine receptor superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(18):6934–6938. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.6934. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Di Fiore P. P., Pierce J. H., Fleming T. P., Hazan R., Ullrich A., King C. R., Schlessinger J., Aaronson S. A. Overexpression of the human EGF receptor confers an EGF-dependent transformed phenotype to NIH 3T3 cells. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):1063–1070. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90592-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fantl W. J., Escobedo J. A., Martin G. A., Turck C. W., del Rosario M., McCormick F., Williams L. T. Distinct phosphotyrosines on a growth factor receptor bind to specific molecules that mediate different signaling pathways. Cell. 1992 May 1;69(3):413–423. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90444-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Feldman R. A., Lowy D. R., Vass W. C., Velu T. J. A highly efficient retroviral vector allows detection of the transforming activity of the human c-fps/fes proto-oncogene. J Virol. 1989 Dec;63(12):5469–5474. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.12.5469-5474.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Feldman R. A., Tam J. P., Hanafusa H. Antipeptide antiserum identifies a widely distributed cellular tyrosine kinase related to but distinct from the c-fps/fes-encoded protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1065–1073. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1065. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feldman R. A., Vass W. C., Tambourin P. E. Human cellular fps/fes cDNA rescued via retroviral shuttle vector encodes myeloid cell NCP92 and has transforming potential. Oncogene Res. 1987 Sep-Oct;1(4):441–458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hayashida K., Kitamura T., Gorman D. M., Arai K., Yokota T., Miyajima A. Molecular cloning of a second subunit of the receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): reconstitution of a high-affinity GM-CSF receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9655–9659. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9655. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Isfort R. J., Stevens D., May W. S., Ihle J. N. Interleukin 3 binds to a 140-kDa phosphotyrosine-containing cell surface protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(21):7982–7986. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.21.7982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kishimoto T., Akira S., Taga T. Interleukin-6 and its receptor: a paradigm for cytokines. Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):593–597. doi: 10.1126/science.1411569. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kitamura T., Hayashida K., Sakamaki K., Yokota T., Arai K., Miyajima A. Reconstitution of functional receptors for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): evidence that the protein encoded by the AIC2B cDNA is a subunit of the murine GM-CSF receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5082–5086. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5082. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kitamura T., Sato N., Arai K., Miyajima A. Expression cloning of the human IL-3 receptor cDNA reveals a shared beta subunit for the human IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors. Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1165–1174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90039-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kitamura T., Takaku F., Miyajima A. IL-1 up-regulates the expression of cytokine receptors on a factor-dependent human hemopoietic cell line, TF-1. Int Immunol. 1991 Jun;3(6):571–577. doi: 10.1093/intimm/3.6.571. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kitamura T., Tange T., Terasawa T., Chiba S., Kuwaki T., Miyagawa K., Piao Y. F., Miyazono K., Urabe A., Takaku F. Establishment and characterization of a unique human cell line that proliferates dependently on GM-CSF, IL-3, or erythropoietin. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Aug;140(2):323–334. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041400219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Koch C. A., Anderson D., Moran M. F., Ellis C., Pawson T. SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):668–674. doi: 10.1126/science.1708916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lang R. A., Metcalf D., Gough N. M., Dunn A. R., Gonda T. J. Expression of a hemopoietic growth factor cDNA in a factor-dependent cell line results in autonomous growth and tumorigenicity. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):531–542. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90182-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lee F., Yokota T., Otsuka T., Gemmell L., Larson N., Luh J., Arai K., Rennick D. Isolation of cDNA for a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by functional expression in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4360–4364. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4360. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Longmore G. D., Lodish H. F. An activating mutation in the murine erythropoietin receptor induces erythroleukemia in mice: a cytokine receptor superfamily oncogene. Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1089–1102. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90286-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Matsuda M., Mayer B. J., Fukui Y., Hanafusa H. Binding of transforming protein, P47gag-crk, to a broad range of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1537–1539. doi: 10.1126/science.1694307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Metcalf D. The roles of stem cell self-renewal and autocrine growth factor production in the biology of myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res. 1989 May 1;49(9):2305–2311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Miyajima A., Kitamura T., Harada N., Yokota T., Arai K. Cytokine receptors and signal transduction. Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:295–331. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.001455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Morla A. O., Schreurs J., Miyajima A., Wang J. Y. Hematopoietic growth factors activate the tyrosine phosphorylation of distinct sets of proteins in interleukin-3-dependent murine cell lines. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 May;8(5):2214–2218. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.5.2214. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Roussel M. F., Dull T. J., Rettenmier C. W., Ralph P., Ullrich A., Sherr C. J. Transforming potential of the c-fms proto-oncogene (CSF-1 receptor). Nature. 1987 Feb 5;325(6104):549–552. doi: 10.1038/325549a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sakamaki K., Miyajima I., Kitamura T., Miyajima A. Critical cytoplasmic domains of the common beta subunit of the human GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 receptors for growth signal transduction and tyrosine phosphorylation. EMBO J. 1992 Oct;11(10):3541–3549. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05437.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sorensen P., Mui A. L., Krystal G. Interleukin-3 stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 140-kilodalton interleukin-3 receptor. J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 15;264(32):19253–19258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Souyri M., Vigon I., Penciolelli J. F., Heard J. M., Tambourin P., Wendling F. A putative truncated cytokine receptor gene transduced by the myeloproliferative leukemia virus immortalizes hematopoietic progenitors. Cell. 1990 Dec 21;63(6):1137–1147. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90410-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ullrich A., Schlessinger J. Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):203–212. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90801-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Velu T. J., Beguinot L., Vass W. C., Willingham M. C., Merlino G. T., Pastan I., Lowy D. R. Epidermal-growth-factor-dependent transformation by a human EGF receptor proto-oncogene. Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1408–1410. doi: 10.1126/science.3500513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Watanabe Y., Kitamura T., Hayashida K., Miyajima A. Monoclonal antibody against the common beta subunit (beta c) of the human interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors shows upregulation of beta c by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Blood. 1992 Nov 1;80(9):2215–2220. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES