Erratum to: J Neurol DOI 10.1007/s00415-014-7370-3
Unfortunately, the online published article has errors in footnote of Tables 1, 2 and 3. The correct tables are given in the following pages.
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of MS cases and matched referent subjects at cohort entry, overall and stratified by type of MS
| Characteristic | MS cases N = 1,822 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 18,211 [n (%)] |
RRMSa
N = 769 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 7,690 [n (%)] |
PPMS N = 125 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 1,250 [n (%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) at cohort entry (index date; SD) | 42.08 (11.79) | 42.0 (11.72) | 40.01 (11.14) | 39.94 (11.15) | 49.98 (10.43) | 49.92 (10.39) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Males | 481 (26.40) | 4,801 (26.36) | 193 (25.10) | 1,930 (25.10) | 53 (42.40) | 530 (42.40) |
| Females | 1,341 (73.60) | 13,410 (73.64) | 576 (74.90) | 5,760 (74.90) | 72 (57.60) | 720 (57.60) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current*,† | 569 (31.23) | 4,363 (23.96) | 226 (29.39) | 1,902 (24.73) | 40 (32.00) | 289 (23.12) |
| Former | 239 (13.12) | 2,390 (13.12) | 101 (13.13) | 963 (12.52) | 23 (18.40) | 199 (15.92) |
| Never | 777 (42.65) | 8,921 (48.99) | 349 (45.38) | 3,807 (49.51) | 50 (40.00) | 595 (47.60) |
| Unknown | 237 (13.01) | 2,537 (13.93) | 93 (12.09) | 1,018 (13.24) | 12 (9.60) | 167 (13.36) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 46 (2.52) | 379 (2.08) | 17 (2.21) | 179 (2.33) | 2 (1.60) | 18 (1.44) |
| 18.5–24.99 | 706 (38.75) | 6,948 (38.15) | 301 (39.14) | 2,980 (38.75) | 46 (36.80) | 408 (32.64) |
| 25.0–29.99 | 426 (23.38) | 4,100 (22.51) | 187 (24.32) | 1,676 (21.79) | 39 (31.20) | 339 (27.12) |
| ≥30 | 248 (13.61) | 2,406 (13.21) | 112 (14.56) | 993 (12.91) | 12 (9.60) | 198 (15.84) |
| Unknown | 396 (21.73) | 4,378 (24.04) | 152 (19.77) | 1,862 (24.21) | 26 (20.80) | 287 (22.96) |
| Alcohol abuse† | 25 (1.37) | 370 (2.03) | 3 (0.39) | 133 (1.73) | 5 (4.0) | 50 (4.0) |
| Mean length of recorded medical history (years; SD) | ||||||
| Before index date | 7.86 (4.44) | 7.97 (4.43) | 7.93 (4.50) | 8.03 (4.49) | 8.83 (4.51) | 9.02 (4.52) |
| Follow-up after index date† | 7.85 (4.50) | 7.95 (4.49) | 8.95 (4.33) | 8.18 (4.40) | 8.15 (4.32) | 8.15 (4.08) |
Type of MS was determined from original clinical records for 894 patients
BMI body mass index, MS multiple sclerosis, PPMS primary progressive MS, RRMS relapsing-remitting MS, SD standard deviation
* p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with MS and matched referent subjects (for all MS patients)
† p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with RRMS and matched referent subjects
aIncludes 64 patients with secondary progressive MS
Table 2.
Comorbidities of MS cases and matched referent subjects at cohort entry, overall and stratified by type of MS
| Characteristic | MS cases N = 1,822 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 18,211 [n (%)] |
RRMSa cases N = 769 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 7,690 [n (%)] |
PPMS cases N = 125 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 1,250 [n (%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic comorbiditiesb | ||||||
| COPD and asthma | 302 (16.58) | 2,890 (15.87) | 117 (15.21) | 1,245 (16.19) | 18 (14.40) | 197 (15.76) |
| Depression*,†,§ | 508 (27.88) | 3,677 (20.19) | 188 (24.45) | 1,529 (19.88) | 45 (36.00) | 238 (19.04) |
| Diabetes | 35 (1.92) | 390 (2.14) | 13 (1.69) | 141 (1.83) | 3 (2.40) | 44 (3.52) |
| Hypertension | 137 (7.52) | 1,544 (8.48) | 47 (6.11) | 538 (7.00) | 13 (10.40) | 179 (14.32) |
| Heart disease | 34 (1.87) | 439 (2.41) | 8 (1.04) | 119 (1.55) | 4 (3.20) | 64 (5.12) |
| Cancer | 50 (2.74) | 558 (3.06) | 15 (1.95) | 223 (2.90) | 5 (4.00) | 50 (4.00) |
| Acute comorbiditiesc | ||||||
| Acute respiratory infection§ | 252 (13.83) | 2,673 (14.68) | 113 (14.69) | 1,143 (14.86) | 9 (7.20) | 171 (13.68) |
| Pneumonia and influenza | 18 (0.99) | 169 (0.93) | 11 (1.43) | 70 (0.91) | 1 (0.80) | 14 (1.12) |
| Urinary tract infection* | 99 (5.43) | 683 (3.75) | 36 (4.68) | 284 (3.69) | 8 (6.40) | 41 (3.28) |
| Skin infection | 164 (9.00) | 1,566 (8.60) | 68 (8.84) | 652 (8.48) | 5 (4.00) | 96 (7.68) |
| Eye or Ear infection | 4 (0.22) | 33 (0.18) | 3 (0.39) | 15 (0.20) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) |
| Other infection*,† | 149 (8.18) | 1,256 (6.90) | 69 (8.97) | 533 (6.93) | 5 (4.00) | 73 (5.84) |
| Dyspepsia | 35 (1.92) | 282 (1.55) | 11 (1.43) | 120 (1.56) | 2 (1.60) | 23 (1.84) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index at cohort entry | ||||||
| Low (0) | 1,393 (76.45) | 14,192 (77.93) | 615 (79.97) | 6,048 (78.65) | 96 (76.80) | 931 (74.48) |
| Medium (1–2) | 405 (22.23) | 3,822 (20.99) | 147 (19.12) | 1,574 (20.47) | 26 (20.80) | 296 (23.68) |
| High (>2) | 24 (1.32) | 197 (1.08) | 7 (0.91) | 68 (0.88) | 3 (2.40) | 23 (1.84) |
Type of MS was determined from original clinical records for 894 patients
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, MS multiple sclerosis, PPMS primary progressive MS, RRMS relapsing-remitting MS
* p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with MS and matched referent subjects (for all MS patients)
† p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with RRMS and matched referent subjects
§ p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with PPMS and matched referent subjects
aIncludes 64 patients with secondary progressive MS
bEver before, or at cohort entry
cDuring the year before, or at index date
Table 3.
Comedications of MS cases and matched referent subjects at cohort entry, overall and stratified by type of MS
| Characteristic | All MS cases N = 1,822 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 18,211 [n (%)] |
RRMSa cases N = 769 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 7,690 [n (%)] |
PPMS cases N = 125 [n (%)] |
Referents N = 1,250 [n (%)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comedications (at cohort entry [index date] or within the 6 months before) | ||||||
| Systemic glucocorticoids*,† | 180 (9.88) | 713 (3.92) | 69 (8.97) | 288 (3.75) | 8 (6.40) | 52 (4.16) |
| Antidepressants*,†,§ | 380 (20.86) | 1,582 (8.69) | 132 (17.17) | 662 (8.61) | 28 (22.40) | 102 (8.16) |
| Anticonvulsants*,†,§ | 122 (6.70) | 225 (1.24) | 40 (5.20) | 88 (1.14) | 11 (8.80) | 25 (2.00) |
| Antidiabetics | 24 (1.32) | 283 (1.55) | 12 (1.56) | 112 (1.46) | 0 (–) | 30 (2.40) |
| Opioids*,†,§ | 345 (18.94) | 1,585 (8.70) | 122 (15.86) | 621 (8.08) | 23 (18.40) | 133 (10.64) |
| NSAIDs*,† | 316 (17.34) | 1,806 (9.92) | 122 (15.86) | 710 (9.23) | 21 (16.80) | 152 (12.16) |
| Statins* | 61 (3.35) | 447 (2.45) | 20 (2.60) | 137 (1.78) | 4 (3.20) | 75 (6.00) |
| Antibiotics*,† | 403 (22.12) | 3,598 (19.76) | 179 (23.28) | 1,546 (20.10) | 16 (12.80) | 227 (18.16) |
| Muscle relaxants*,†,§ | 173 (9.50) | 399 (2.19) | 50 (6.50) | 153 (1.99) | 20 (16.00) | 37 (2.96) |
| Antipsychotics*,† | 122 (6.70) | 387 (2.13) | 54 (7.02) | 160 (2.08) | 5 (4.00) | 20 (1.60) |
| Anti-Parkinson drugs*,†,§ | 23 (1.26) | 54 (0.30) | 8 (1.04) | 17 (0.22) | 3 (2.40) | 4 (0.32) |
| PPIs* | 83 (4.56) | 657 (3.61) | 24 (3.12) | 243 (3.16) | 6 (4.80) | 68 (5.44) |
Type of MS was determined from original clinical records for 894 patients
MS multiple sclerosis, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PPMS primary progressive MS, PPIs proton pump inhibitors, RRMS relapsing-remitting MS
* p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with MS and matched referent subjects (for all MS patients)
† p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with RRMS and matched referent subjects
§ p < 0.05 for comparison between patients with PPMS and matched referent subjects
aIncludes 64 patients with secondary progressive MS
Footnotes
The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7370-3.