Table 1.
Patient characteristics (n = 976)
| Age (years) | 58.2 (9.9) |
| Male gender | 782 (80.1) |
| Current smoking | 336 (34.7) |
| Past smoking | 452 (46.7) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 (5.3–6.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (20.8) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 (10.9) |
| Medical history | |
| Coronary artery disease | 687 (70.4) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 246 (25.2) |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 103 (10.6) |
| Hypertension | 466 (48.3) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 767 (79.5) |
| Diabetes | 145 (15.8) |
| CoW completeness | |
| Incomplete anterior CoW | 223 (22.8) |
| One-sided incomplete posterior CoW | 291 (29.8) |
| Two-sided incomplete posterior CoW | 398 (40.8) |
| >70 % stenosis/occlusion of internal carotid artery | 43 (4.6) |
| Study outcomes | |
| Ischemic stroke | 30 (3.1) |
| Anterior circulation stroke | 24 (2.5) |
| Follow-up (years) | 9.2 (3.0) |
Data are displayed as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or n (%)
CoW circle of Willis