Table 1.

Overview of the exercise training programs of the six studies.

Study	N	Dose	Frequency	Intensity	Time	Mode	Duration
HERITAGE	715	~12-14 KKW	3×/wk	55-75% VO₂ max	30-50 min/session	cycle	20 weeks

DREW	385						24 weeks
Control	87	---	---	---	---	---
4 KKW	126	4 KKW	3-4×/wk	50% VO₂ max	72.2 (12.3) min/wk	cycle and treadmill
8 KKW	85	8 KKW	3-4×/wk	50% VO₂ max	135.8(19.5) min/wk
12 KKW	87	12 KKW	3-4×/wk	50% VO₂ max	191.7(33.7) min/wk

STRRIDE I	168						35 weeks
Control	38	---	---	---	---	---
MILD	37	14 KKW	3-4×/wk	40-55% VO₂ max	170 min/wk	cycle, treadmill, elliptical
MOD	47	14 KKW	3-4×/wk	65-80% VO₂ max	120 min/wk
HIGH	46	23 KKW	3-4×/wk	65-80% VO₂ max	170 min/wk

STRRIDE II	102						35 weeks
MOD	47	14 KKW	3×/wk	65-80% VO₂ max	130 min/wk	cycle, treadmill, elliptical
AT/RT (or MOD+RT)	44	>14 KKW	3-5×/wk		AT: 130 min/wk + RT: 135-180 min/wk
HIGH	11	23 KKW	3×/wk	65-80% VO₂ max	170 min/wk

APOE	106	~13-15 KKW	4×/wk	60-85% VO₂ max	40 min/session	treadmill, cycle, stair, ski, rowing	24 weeks

GERS	79	~10-12 KKW	3×/wk	55-70% VO₂ max	40 min/session; 45-60 min weekend walk	treadmill, elliptical, rowing	24 weeks

KKW, kcal per kg of body weight per week.