Table 3.
Brain regions that showed value responses (reward expectancy or receipt) throughout the task or inhibitory response to the old CS+ during late reversal
| Contrast | Region | Side | t statistic | Peak Talairach coordinates | Cluster size (no. of voxels) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maximum | mean | x | y | z | ||||
| Expectancy ratings | Lingual gyrus (BA 18) | R | 9.14 | 4.75 | 9 | −71 | 0 | 376 |
| Thalamus | L | 6.21 | 3.99 | −9 | −11 | 2 | 43 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47) | R | 5.40 | 3.86 | 34 | 28 | −15 | 41 | |
| Putamen | L | 5.12 | 3.77 | −16 | 10 | 8 | 55 | |
| Caudate | R | 4.19 | 3.56 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 37 | |
| Reward magnitude | ACC/vmPFC (BA 10/32) | L | 4.74 | 3.60 | −4 | 49 | 8 | 25 |
| ACC/vmPFC (BA 24) | L | 4.71 | 3.32 | −3 | 26 | 8 | 45 | |
| Cingulate gyrus (BA 23) | R | 4.07 | 3.46 | 9 | −27 | 28 | 20 | |
| Precentral gyrus (BA 44) | L | 4.03 | 3.32 | −46 | −1 | 7 | 21 | |
| Postcentral gyrus (BA 3) | L | 3.86 | 3.29 | −13 | −36 | 68 | 26 | |
| Lingual gyrus (BA 18) | R | 3.84 | 3.22 | 22 | −76 | −6 | 21 | |
| Cuneus (BA 18) | L | 3.54 | 3.09 | −4 | −98 | 14 | 25 | |
| Color A (old CS+) > Color B (old CS−) in late reversal | Inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46) | R | 6.44 | 3.45 | 50 | 38 | −1 | 55 |
| vmPFC (BA 11) | L | 6.10 | 3.54 | −11 | 47 | −12 | 48 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (BA 9) | L | 5.82 | 3.74 | −19 | 57 | 24 | 42 | |
| Cuneus | L | 5.79 | 3.49 | −17 | −82 | 9 | 1179 | |
| Middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) | R | 4.94 | 3.50 | 68 | −18 | −6 | 30 | |
| Precentral gyrus (BA 6) | L | 4.86 | 3.57 | −47 | 4 | 34 | 27 | |
| Middle occipital gyrus (BA 19) | L | 4.84 | 3.48 | −48 | −69 | −5 | 70 | |
| Medial frontal gyrus/vmPFC (BA 11) | R | 4.83 | 3.40 | 7 | 33 | −12 | 28 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) | R | 4.82 | 3.36 | 25 | 15 | 48 | 58 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (BA 9) | R | 4.80 | 3.41 | 16 | 59 | 24 | 74 | |
| Superior occipital gyrus (BA 39) | R | 4.80 | 3.36 | 34 | −70 | 23 | 44 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (BA 8) | L | 4.66 | 3.30 | −22 | 16 | 43 | 57 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (BA 8) | R | 4.49 | 3.35 | 3 | 16 | 48 | 40 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus (BA 46) | L | 4.33 | 3.45 | −49 | 31 | 23 | 49 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45) | R | 4.21 | 3.23 | 63 | 32 | 6 | 20 | |
| Parahippocampal gyrus (BA 37) | R | 4.01 | 3.40 | 33 | −43 | −11 | 50 | |
| Superior temporal gyrus (BA 41) | L | 3.91 | 3.34 | −53 | −19 | 10 | 21 | |
All peaks listed at p < 0.005 per-voxel threshold and cluster-size corrected at p < 0.05. When there was more than one peak within one functional region, only the most statistically significant peak was listed. ACC, Anterior cingulate cortex. Boldface values indicate clusters within the vmPFC.