TABLE 1.

Study Cohort of 50 Consecutive Craniofacial Reconstruction Patients^a

Case	Patient Age, y	Sex	Diagnosis	Date of Operation	Implant Material
1	76	F	Intracranial meningioma	July 2011	Titanium mesh
2	44	M	Acquired skull defect in the left temporoparietal region	August 2011	CCI-PEEK
3	37	F	Calvarial defect after craniotomy for middle cerebral artery stroke	September 2011	ABF
4	33	M	Infection after benign brain tumor resection	January 2012	CCI-PEEK
5	42	M	Left frontotemporal bone deformity after trauma	March 2012	L-PMMA with screws
6	41	M	Infection after subarachnoid hemorrhage and middle cerebral artery aneurysm clipping	March 2012	ABF
7	37	F	Infection after superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass to treat bilateral moyamoya disease	March 2012	CCI-PMMA
8	46	M	Cranial revision to improve acquired head deformity	May 2012	CCI-PMMA
9	23	F	Calvarial mass in contact with the dura	July 2012	Titanium mesh
10	70	M	Recurrent infection after right frontal craniotomy	July 2012	CCI-PEEK
11	17	M	Incisional pain and poor wound healing after craniotomy for bilateral trigeminal neuralgia	August 2012	Titanium mesh
12	24	M	Right-sided hemicraniotomy after an acute subdural hematoma	August 2012	CCI-PMMA
13	43	F	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after craniotomy	August 2012	ABF
14	9	M	Large hemicraniectomy defect after severe bone flap resorption and sagittal synostosis	September 2012	CCI-PMMA
15	46	M	Removal of malpositioned cranial hardware	December 2012	CCI-PMMA
16	54	F	Temple region deformity after pterional craniotomy and infection	December 2012	CCI-PMMA
17	44	F	Infection after left-sided craniotomy for aneurysm clipping	January 2013	CCI-PMMA
18	25	M	Infection after craniotomy to treat a right-sided subdural hematoma	January 2013	CCI-PMMA
19	62	F	Left temporal acquired head deformity	January 2013	CCI-PMMA
20	66	M	Hemicraniectomy after right-sided subdural hematoma	March 2013	ABF
21	52	M	Craniotomy after subarachnoid hemorrhage with right-sided middle cerebral artery aneurysm and stroke	March 2013	CCI-PMMA
22	62	M	Cranial deformity after right frontal meningioma resection	April 2013	ABF
23	49	F	Interosseous hemangioma in the left orbit, temporal bone, and greater sphenoid region	April 2013	Titanium mesh
24	39	M	Persistent left-sided calvarial defect and head deformity after trauma	May 2013	CCI-PMMA
25	64	F	Persistent calvarial deformity on left side after decompressive hemicraniectomy for a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm	May 2013	ABF
26	70	M	Acquired head deformity after a large right sphenoid skull base tumor	May 2013	CCI-PEEK
27	42	F	Concave head deformity after removal of infected bone flap	May 2013	CCI-PMMA
28	70	F	Infection with concave head deformity over full-thickness calvarial defect	May 2013	CCI-PMMA
29	57	M	Asymmetry of the left frontal temporal parietal area	May 2013	L-PMMA with screws
30	82	F	Acquired head deformity after bone flap infection	June 2013	L-PMMA with screws
31	25	F	Bone flap osteomyelitis with calvarial defect	June 2013	Titanium mesh
32	26	M	Head deformity after severe bone flap resorption	June 2013	CCI-PMMA
33	64	M	Extruding frontal bone PMMA implant placed in 1976	June 2013	SCBG
34	69	F	Acquired calvarial deformity after emergent decompressive craniectomy for ruptured aneurysm	July 2013	ABF
35	67	F	Acquired calvarial deformity after removal of infected bone flap	July 2013	CCI-PMMA
36	48	F	Acquired calvarial deformity after removal of infected bone flap	August 2013	ABF
37	37	F	Acquired calvarial deformity after removal of infected bone flap after tumor resection	August 2013	CCI-PMMA
38	44	M	Acquired temporal deformity after titanium mesh cranioplasty	August 2013	L-PMMA with screws
39	69	F	Calvarial defect after tumor resection	August 2013	Titanium mesh
40	53	F	Infection after left-sided craniotomy for aneurysm clipping	August 2013	SCBG
41	52	F	Acquired calvarial deformity after infected bone flap removal after tumor resection	August 2013	Titanium mesh, L-PMMA with screws
42	67	F	Calvarial defect after tumor resection	August 2013	CCI-PMMA
43	26	M	Calvarial defect following emergent decompressive craniectomy for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage	August 2013	CCI-PMMA
44	44	F	Calvarial defect after tumor resection	September 2013	Titanium mesh
45	23	M	Acquired head deformity after infection following craniotomy for aneurysm clipping	September 2013	CCI-PMMA
46	32	M	Acquired calvarial deformity after emergent decompressive craniectomy for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage	September 2013	CCI-PEEK
47	76	M	Acquired calvarial deformity after removal of infected bone flap	September 2013	CCI-PMMA
48	41	M	Bilateral frontal bone defect after fibrous dysplasia resection	September 2013	Titanium mesh, L-PMMA onlay
49	45	M	Acquired calvarial deformity following infected bone flap removal after tumor resection and irradiation	October 2013	CCI-PMMA
50	32	F	Acquired calvarial deformity following infected bone flap removal after tumor resection	October 2013	CCI-PMMA

^aForty-six patients required full-thickness, second-stage cranial reconstruction using a wide spectrum of autologous bone and alloplastic materials listed here: ABF, autologous bone flap; CCI, custom cranial implant; L-PMMA, liquid poly-methyl-methacrylate; PEEK, polyetheretherketone; PMMA, poly-methyl-methacrylate (prefabricated, solid form); SCBG, split-calvarium bone graft.