1	Head predominantly glossy (Fig. 36), lacking punctation and or rugae above eye level	2
–	Head conspicuously punctate (Fig. 37) and/or rugose (Fig. 38) above eye level	8
2	Postpetiole swollen relative to petiole; either with a posterodorsal and anteroventral bulge (Fig. 1) or with a single dorsal bulge (Fig. 2)	3
–	Postpetiole not swollen relative to petiole (Fig. 3)	4
3	Postpetiole with a posterodorsal (Fig. 1a) and anteroventral (Fig. 1b) bulge. Antennal scapes surpass posterior head margin by approximately same length as eye (Fig. 40). Promesonotum in profile forming a single dome, lacking a distinct mound or prominence on the posterior slope (Fig. 42)	megacephala
–	Postpetiole forming a high dorsally bulging dome that is tallest at midpoint; ventral margin flat to very weakly convex (Fig. 2). Antennal scapes surpass posterior head margin by approximately twice the eye length (Fig. 39). Promesonotum in profile with two convexities, the large anterior dome (Fig. 44a) in addition to a distinct prominence on the posterior slope (Fig. 44b)	noda
4	Promesonotum in profile with two convexities, the large anterior dome (Fig. 43a) in addition to a distinct prominence on the posterior slope (Fig. 43b). Antennal scapes relatively long, surpassing posterior head margin by a distance equal (Fig. 40) to or greater than (Fig. 39) eye length. Posterior head margin strongly convex (Fig. 44) to weakly convex (Fig. 45) in full-face view. Color variable	5
–	Promesonotum in profile forming a single dome (Fig. 42), lacking a distinct mound or prominence on the posterior slope. Antennal scapes relatively short (Fig. 41), either failing to surpass posterior head margin, or surpassing it by less than the distance of eye length. Posterior head margin weakly convex (Fig. 45) to weakly concave (Fig. 46) in full-face view. Color yellow to brown	7
5	Posterior margin strongly convex in full-face view such that the head outline forms a single unbroken curve from eye to eye (Fig. 44). Petiole and postpetiole strongly sculptured laterally (Fig. 47). Antennal scapes extremely long, surpassing posterior head margin by more than 2× eye length (Fig. 39)	obscurithorax
–	Posterior head margin weakly convex to flat in full-face view (Fig. 45). Petiole and postpetiole glossy to very weakly sculptured laterally (Fig. 48). Antennal scapes long, but not surpassing the posterior head margin by more than 2× eye length	6
6	Promesonotal prominence more flat (Fig. 49a). Metanotal depression deeper (Fig. 49b). Eye relatively small, eye length distinctly less than length of antennal segment 10 (Fig. 65)	fervens
–	Promesonotal prominence more convex (Fig. 50a). Metanotal depression shallower (Fig. 50b). Eye relatively large, eye length subequal to length of antennal segment 10 (Fig. 66)	indica
7	Antennal scapes surpass posterior head margin by approximate distance of eye length (Fig. 40). Mesopleuron entirely glossy (Fig. 51a). Propodeal spines weakly produced and dentiform (Fig. 51b). Petiole almost entirely glossy	vigilans
–	Antennal scapes reach but do not surpass posterior head margin (Fig. 41). Mesopleuron entirely punctate (Fig. 52a). Propodeal spines moderately produced and spiniform (Fig. 52b). Petiole distinctly sculptured except for apical portion of node	proxima
8	Head with well-defined, long segments of rugae running longitudinally from below the eyes to the posterior head margin (Fig. 38). Frontal carinae distinct and reaching towards the posterior head margin, although they may occasionally be interrupted (Fig. 38). Punctate ground sculpture present on lateral surfaces of head and just mesad of the frontal carinae, but median portion of head with a large glossy section (Fig. 38). (Native to Australia)	rugosula
–	Head, including the area mesad of the frontal carinae, entirely covered by reticulated network of punctures, giving it a dull appearance (Fig. 37); if rugae are present they are generally short segments and mostly restricted to posterior portion of head. Frontal carinae not distinct posterior to eye level	9
9	Gaster with at least anterior 1/3 of first tergite matte (Fig. 33). Hairs on mesosoma stout, stiff, of equal length and arranged in pairs (Fig. 53). Antennal scapes lack standing hairs (Fig. 55); scapes surpass posterior head margin by a distance equal to or greater than eye (Fig. 40)	10
–	Gaster with entire first tergite glossy (Fig. 32). Hairs on mesosoma fine, flexuous, of unequal length and not arranged in pairs (Fig. 54). Antennal scapes with erect to suberect hairs (Fig. 56); scapes reach posterior head margin but do not surpass it by a distance equal to or greater than eye length (Fig. 41)	12
10	Posterior head margin more broad (Fig. 57). Antennal scapes relatively short (SI 95–108). Color usually brown but occasionally yellow	bilimeki
–	Posterior head margin more narrow (Fig. 58). Antennal scapes relatively longer (SI 103–125). Color variable	11
11	Color usually clear yellow orange (gray brown in one population on Caribbean coast of Panama). Typically nesting in live plant cavities in wet forest understory	anastasii
–	Color red brown to nearly black. Typically nesting in open, disturbed habitats	punctatissima
12	Posterior portion of head with many short to medium length segments of striae distinctly interlaced among punctate ground sculpture (Fig. 59). Antennal scapes do not surpass posterior head margin (Fig. 41)	parva
–	Posterior portion of head lacking many short to medium length segments of striae distinctly interlaced among punctate ground sculpture (Fig. 60). Antennal scapes often, but not always, surpass posterior head margin; if they do it is usually by a distance less than eye length	flavens complex