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. 2016 Jan 22;11(1):e0147880. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147880

Correction: Metabolic Characterization of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Young-Mi Go, Yongliang Liang, Karan Uppal, Quinlyn A Soltow, Daniel E L Promislow, Lynn M Wachtman, Dean P Jones
PMCID: PMC4723271  PMID: 26799071

The creatinine values in Tables 1 and 2, and S1 Table are incorrect. Please see the corrected tables, with the correct creatinine values, here.

Table 1. Plasma metabolite concentrations in common marmosets.

Metabolite m/z rt Marmosets Mean±SD Humans Mean±SD Human metabolomics Database
Health indicators
Glucose (mM) 203.0512 57 4.0 ± 1.4 4.0 ± 0.9 3.9 to 6.1
Creatine (μM) 132.0759 52 38 ± 15 52 ± 35 8.4 to 65
Creatinine (μM) 114.0654 97 38.4 ± 15.1 102 ± 16* 56 to 109
Urea (mM) 121.0711 58 4.7 ± 2.1 3.2 ± 1.6* 4 to 9
Cortisol (μM) 363.2143 160 10.2 ± 4.1 0.49 ± 0.25* 0.028 to 0.66
Cortisone (μM) 361.1991 174 0.51 ± 0.19 0.010 ± 0.004* 0.022 to 0.075
Bilirubin (μM) 585.2668 350 1.9 ± 1.1 5.7 ± 6.4* 8 to 15
Vitamins and Coenzymes
Riboflavin (nM) 377.1468 215 6.0 ± 5.7 15.5 ± 0.02* 5.4 to 28
Thiamine (μM) 265.1164 69 0.64 ± 0.62 0.39 ± 0.3 0.09 to 0.28
Niacin; nicotinic acid (μM) 124.0398 45 17.5 ± 7.0 29.8 ± 29.0 43 to 55
Nicotinamide (μM) 123.0544 326 0.43 ± 0.18 0.27 ± 0.15* 0.43 to 0.45
Methylnicotinic acid (nM) 138.0540 64 16 ± 9 20.0 ± 19.9 N/A
Pyridoxine (nM) 170.0714 61 59 ± 43 9.7 ± 6.1* 7 to 60
Pyridoxal (nM) 168.0643 93 230 ± 110 N/A 200 to 300
Pyridoxamine (nM) 169.0950 101 71 ± 56 0.14 ± 0.09* 126 to 202
Pantothenic acid (μM) 220.1761 231 4.1 ± 1.8 7.57 ± 7.22* 4.5 to 5.3
Biotin (nM) 245.0980 289 2.7 ± 1.1 4.5 ± 3.3* 0.6 to 1.9
Amino Acids
Arginine (μM) 175.1178 59 40 ± 29 72 ± 33* 60 to 140
Histidine (μM) 178.0575 51 71 ± 21 52 ± 14* 75 to 143
Leucine/Isoleucine (μM) 176.0646 59 88 ± 43 156 ± 56* 155 to 355
Lysine (μM) 191.0755 48 104 ± 57 117 ± 41 178 to 434
Methionine (μM) 150.0568 79 39 ± 20 24 ± 6* 25 to 35
Phenylalanine (μM) 166.0851 57 271 ± 151 47 ± 15* 48 to 88
Threonine (μM) 120.0646 88 132 ± 39 103 ± 33* 102 to 260
Tryptophan (μM) 205.0958 56 72 ± 21 40 ± 11* 44 to 78
Asparagine (μM) 133.0679 92 18 ± 15 N/A 16 to 57
Citrulline (μM) 176.1018 63 34 ± 18 31 ± 14 27 to 38
Glutamate (μM) 148.0594 70 36 ± 25 23 ± 13 24 to 145
Glutamine (μM) 147.0758 56 553 ± 141 463 ± 317 490 to 645
Proline (μM) 116.0698 54 168 ± 62 195 ± 66 168 to 239
Taurine (μM) 148.0027 52 105 ± 37 32 ± 13* 42 to 162
Tyrosine (μM) 182.0799 58 44 ± 20 44 ± 11 54 to 143
Amino Acid Metabolites
5-Hydroxytryptophan (μM) 221.0907 62 0.41 ± 0.32 0.030 ± 0.012* 0.015 to 0.021
Indoleacrylic acid (μM) 188.0693 64 0.02 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.00* N/A
Indolelactate (μM) 206.0797 101 4.98 ± 1.67 0.72 ± 0.30* 0.5 to 5
3-Indolepropionic acid (μM) 190.0849 202 9.11 ± 5.33 0.04 ± 0.04* 0.29 to 1.09
Kynurenine (μM) 209.0914 73 3.68 ± 1.47 1.84 ± 0.72* 1.5 to 1.7
Phenylacetate (nM) 137.0586 216 2.7 ± 2.0 2.78 ± 2.15 N/A
Methylphenyllactate (nM) 181.0847 167 14 ± 7 48 ± 64* N/A
Methylphenylpropanoate (nM) 165.0899 257 8.0 ± 5.0 6.5 ± 3.8 N/A
Homogentisic acid (μM) 169.0436 106 0.15 ± 0.09 0.02 ± 0.01* 0.014 to 0.071
Oxoproline (μM) 130.0490 53 47 ± 11 62 ± 13* 13 to 161
Hippurate (μM) 180.0644 63 8.6 ± 5.8 6.6 ± 6.3 0 to 5
2-Aminobutyrate (nM) 104.0698 54 6.0 ± 4.0 4.6 ± 1.4* N/A
Lipid-Related Metabolites
Choline (μM) 104.1062 51 1.5 ± 0.5 0.85 ± 0.23* 8.7 to 12.5
Betaine (μM) 118.0854 54 123 ± 64 31 ± 13* 20 to 144
Dimethylglycine (μM) 104.0697 424 2.91 ± 0.75 2.28 ± 0.97* 1.8 to 3.7
Carnitine (μM) 162.1114 79 6.7 ± 2.2 66 ± 24* 26 to 79
Acetylcarnitine (μM) 204.1216 66 0.54 ± 0.30 N/A 3.2 to 7.6
Sphinganine (nM) 302.3034 331 4.8 ± 2.6 6.6 ± 6.3 11
Sphingosine (μM) 300.2877 510 0.74 ± 0.33 1.21 ± 0.38* 0.05 to 0.51
Nucleotide-Related Metabolites
Uridine (μM) 245.0757 95 2.11 ± 0.84 0.91 ± 0.68* 2.9 to 3.3
Hypoxanthine (μM) 137.0448 59 54 ± 34 3.9 ± 3.6* 1.3 to 54.5
Uric acid (μM) 169.0342 54 84 ± 73 214 ± 54* 238 to 506
Allantoin (μM) 159.0502 63 2.2 ± 1.1 N/A 1.0 to 3.2
Environmental Chemicals
Triethylphosphate (nM) 183.0768 382 14.5 ± 3.4 10.8 ± 9.5 N/A
Pirimicarb (nM) 239.1475 548 0.7 ± 0.4 0.80 ± 0.36 N/A
Dibutylphthalate (nM) 279.1573 381 3.0 ± 1.0 14.0 ± 44.4 N/A

*Levels in common marmosets significantly different from the levels in human, p < 0.05, following Bonferroni correction.

Plasma metabolites of common marmosets (n = 50) quantified by LC-MS are included along with measures for human plasma (n = 80) obtained with the same method. Ranges of concentrations of metabolites in human plasma reported by HMDB are also included for comparison. (m/z, mass-to-charge, rt, retention time). N/A, data not available.

Table 2. Marmoset plasma metabolite concentrations according to age group and sex.

Metabolite Females<8 y Females ≥8 y Males <8y Males ≥8y
Clinical measures
Glucose (mM) 4.8 ± 1.8a 4.1 ± 1.1 3.5 ± 1.3a 3.8 ± 1.4
Creatine (μM) 31 ± 13 43 ± 12 38 ± 11 42 ± 20
Creatinine (μM) 34.4 ± 15.5 35.1 ± 10.6 42.7 ± 6.8 81 ± 18
Urea (mM) 3.7 ± 2.0a 3.7 ± 1.3b 5.5 ± 2.4a 5.7 ± 2.1b
Cortisol (μM) 11 ± 4 9 ± 5 11 ± 3 10 ± 4
Cortisone (μM) 0.59 ± 0.24 0.45 ± 0.16 0.57 ± 0.13d 0.44 ± 0.16d
Bilirubin (μM) 2.0 ± 1.1 2.1 ± 1.0 1.5 ± 0.8 1.9 ± 1.3
Vitamins and Coenzymes
Riboflavin (nM) 5 ± 5 11 ± 10 4 ± 4 6 ± 4
Thiamine (μM) 0.61 ± 0.37 0.95 ± 0.81 0.37 ± 0.27 0.57 ± 0.68
Niacin; nicotinic acid (μM) 17 ± 6 19 ± 6 19 ± 10 15 ± 4
Nicotinamide (μM) 0.42 ± 0.23 0.46 ± 0.17 0.41 ± 0.16 0.42 ± 0.18
Methylnicotinic acid (nM) 20 ± 10 14 ± 6 17 ± 11 14 ± 6
Pyridoxine (nM) 33 ± 14 57 ± 39 63 ± 37 76 ± 57
Pyridoxal (nM) 0.19 ± 0.09 0.25 ± 0.12 0.28 ± 0.11 0.20 ± 0.10
Pyridoxamine (nM) 87 ± 83 61 ± 25 57 ± 39 75 ± 57
Pantothenic acid (μM) 4.2 ± 0.9 3.5 ± 2.1 4.0 ± 1.4 4.5 ± 2.4
Biotin (nM) 3.1 ± 1.4 2.5 ± 1.1 2.9 ± 1.2 2.2 ± 0.7
Amino Acids
Arginine (μM) 35 ± 28 43 ± 28 32 ± 21 48 ± 36
Histidine (μM) 74 ± 27 81 ± 21 59 ± 14 72 ± 19
Leucine/Isoleucine (μM) 99 ± 41 93 ± 58 87 ± 37 74 ± 33
Lysine (μM) 129 ± 82a 117 ± 48 76 ± 28a 96 ± 49
Methionine (μM) 47 ± 23a 49 ± 22b 29 ± 13a 32 ± 15b
Phenylalanine (μM) 348 ± 141a 404 ± 158b 167 ± 61a 180 ± 62b
Threonine (μM) 146 ± 58 135 ± 33 125 ± 31 124 ± 29
Tryptophan (μM)e 60 ± 20a 69 ± 19 90 ± 13a,d 71 ± 19d
Asparagine (μM) 16 ± 8 12 ± 11 23 ± 17 18 ± 18
Citrulline (μM) 35 ± 19 42 ± 17 32 ± 12 29 ± 20
Glutamate (μM) 216 ± 131 296 ± 180b 138 ± 83 138 ± 82b
Glutamine (μM) 509 ± 135 582 ± 168 519 ± 125 594 ± 130
Proline (μM) 169 ± 71 194 ± 58 158 ± 50 155 ± 67
Taurine (μM) 102 ± 43 107 ± 30 101 ± 35 110 ± 42
Tyrosine (μM) 45 ± 19 53 ± 20 41 ± 16 39 ± 22
Amino Acid Metabolites
5-Hydroxytryptophan (μM) 0.35 ± 0.19 0.56 ± 0.52 0.31 ± 0.16 0.42 ± 0.27
Indoleacrylic acid (μM)e 13 ± 5a 15 ± 5 20 ± 4a,d 14 ± 4d
Indolelactate (μM) 4.9 ± 2.2 4.7 ± 1.0 5.3 ± 1.3 5.0 ± 2.0
3-Indolepropionic acid (μM) 9.5 ± 3.8 8.5 ± 6.8 9.8 ± 3.7 8.7 ± 6.6
Kynurenine (μM) 4.1 ± 1.9 3.4 ± 1.1 3.6 ± 1.4 3.6 ± 1.5
Phenylacetate (nM) 3.3 ± 1.9 2.8 ± 1.7 1.7 ± 1.5 2.8 ± 2.5
Methylphenyllactate (nM) 12 ± 5 15 ± 8 12 ± 6 17 ± 8
Methylphenylpropanoate (nM) 6.2 ± 3.8a 5.5 ± 2.4 10.9 ± 5.0a 9.0 ± 6.0
Homogentisic acid (μM) 139 ± 77 198 ± 119 113 ± 62 143 ± 100
Oxoproline (μM) 42 ± 8c 50 ± 13c 45 ± 7 50 ± 12
Hippurate (μM) 6.1 ± 2.6c 11.8 ± 8.7c 7.3 ± 4.2 9.2 ± 4.8
2-Aminobutyrate (nM) 5.3 ± 3.3 8.0 ± 5.4 6.7 ± 2.7 5.5 ± 2.4
Lipid-Related Metabolites
Choline (μM) 1.4 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.5 1.5 ± 0.5
Betaine (μM) 139 ± 76 141 ± 79 116 ± 48 99 ± 45
Dimethylglycine (μM) 2.6 ± 0.9 2.9 ± 0.6 2.7 ± 0.7d 3.3 ± 0.7d
Carnitine (μM) 5.4 ± 1.4c 7.9 ± 2.6c 6.2 ± 1.9 7.0 ± 2.3
Acetylcarnitine (μM) 0.45 ± 0.15 0.57 ± 0.26 0.45 ± 0.22 0.65 ± 0.44
Sphinganine (nM) 6.0 ± 2.1a 5.0 ± 2.5 3.5 ± 2.6a 4.9 ± 2.7
Sphingosine (μM) 0.69 ± 0.34a 0.62 ± 0.33 1.00 ± 0.27a,d 0.69 ± 0.29d
Nucleotide-Related Metabolites
Uridine (μM) 2.0 ± 0.7c 1.4 ± 0.6b,c 2.5 ± 0.9 2.4 ± 0.7b
Hypoxanthine (μM) 72 ± 40c 41 ± 20c 65 ± 40d 39 ± 21d
Uric acid (μM) 110 ± 120 60 ± 38 78 ± 41 78 ± 50
Allantoin (μM)e 2.7 ± 0.9c 1.5 ± 0.8b,c 2.0 ± 1.1 2.4 ± 1.4b
Environmental Chemicals
Triethylphosphate (nM) 13.7 ± 3.7 14.8 ± 4.3 14.3 ± 2.7 15.0 ± 3.3
Pirimicarb (nM) 0.86 ± 0.49 0.63 ± 0.32 0.54 ± 0.33 0.73 ± 0.35
Dibutylphthalate (nM) 0.26 ± 0.14 0.25 ± 0.10 0.30 ± 0.13 0.33 ± 0.18

aSignificant between younger females and younger males

bSignificant between older females and older males

cSignificant between younger females and older females

dSignificant between younger males and older males

eSignificant sex by age interaction

Supporting Information

S1 Table. Metabolomics data of 50 common marmosets.

Plasma collected from marmoset was analyzed for metabolomics by high-resolution mass spectrometry as described in Methods. The mass spectrometry data includes ion mass (mass to charge, m/z), retention time (sec) and abundance (intensity) of 58 metabolites. The information of sex and age on 50 individuals is indicated on top.

(XLSX)

Reference

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

S1 Table. Metabolomics data of 50 common marmosets.

Plasma collected from marmoset was analyzed for metabolomics by high-resolution mass spectrometry as described in Methods. The mass spectrometry data includes ion mass (mass to charge, m/z), retention time (sec) and abundance (intensity) of 58 metabolites. The information of sex and age on 50 individuals is indicated on top.

(XLSX)


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