Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):7928–7932. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.7928

The primary structure of rat brain (cytoplasmic) dynein heavy chain, a cytoplasmic motor enzyme.

Z Zhang 1, Y Tanaka 1, S Nonaka 1, H Aizawa 1, H Kawasaki 1, T Nakata 1, N Hirokawa 1
PMCID: PMC47260  PMID: 7690137

Abstract

Overlapping cDNA clones encoding the heavy chain of rat brain cytoplasmic dynein have been isolated. The isolated cDNA clones contain an open reading frame of 13,932 bp encoding 4644 aa (M(r), 532,213). The deduced protein sequence of the heavy chain of rat brain dynein shows significant similarity to sea urchin flagellar beta-dynein (27.0% identical) and to Dictyostelium cytoplasmic dynein (53.5% identical) throughout the entire sequence. The heavy chain of rat brain (cytoplasmic) dynein contains four putative nucleotide-binding consensus sequences [GX4GK(T/S)] in the central one-third region that are highly similar to those of sea urchin and Dictyostelium dyneins. The N-terminal one-third of the heavy chain of rat brain (cytoplasmic) dynein shows high similarity (43.8% identical) to that of Dictyostelium cytoplasmic dynein but poor similarity (19.4% identical) to that of sea urchin flagellar dynein. These results suggested that the C-terminal two-thirds of the dynein molecule is conserved and plays an essential role in microtubule-dependent motility activity, whereas the N-terminal regions are different between cytoplasmic and flagellar dyneins.

Full text

PDF
7928

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aghajanian G. K., Bloom F. E. The formation of synaptic junctions in developing rat brain: a quantitative electron microscopic study. Brain Res. 1967 Dec;6(4):716–727. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(67)90128-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brady S. T. A novel brain ATPase with properties expected for the fast axonal transport motor. Nature. 1985 Sep 5;317(6032):73–75. doi: 10.1038/317073a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chou P. Y., Fasman G. D. Prediction of protein conformation. Biochemistry. 1974 Jan 15;13(2):222–245. doi: 10.1021/bi00699a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collins C. A., Vallee R. B. Preparation of microtubules from rat liver and testis: cytoplasmic dynein is a major microtubule associated protein. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1989;14(4):491–500. doi: 10.1002/cm.970140407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gibbons I. R., Gibbons B. H., Mocz G., Asai D. J. Multiple nucleotide-binding sites in the sequence of dynein beta heavy chain. Nature. 1991 Aug 15;352(6336):640–643. doi: 10.1038/352640a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Higgins D. G., Sharp P. M. Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. Comput Appl Biosci. 1989 Apr;5(2):151–153. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/5.2.151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hirokawa N. Cross-linker system between neurofilaments, microtubules, and membranous organelles in frog axons revealed by the quick-freeze, deep-etching method. J Cell Biol. 1982 Jul;94(1):129–142. doi: 10.1083/jcb.94.1.129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hirokawa N., Pfister K. K., Yorifuji H., Wagner M. C., Brady S. T., Bloom G. S. Submolecular domains of bovine brain kinesin identified by electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody decoration. Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):867–878. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90691-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hirokawa N., Sato-Yoshitake R., Kobayashi N., Pfister K. K., Bloom G. S., Brady S. T. Kinesin associates with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(2):295–302. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.2.295. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hirokawa N., Sato-Yoshitake R., Yoshida T., Kawashima T. Brain dynein (MAP1C) localizes on both anterogradely and retrogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo. J Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;111(3):1027–1037. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.3.1027. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Koonce M. P., Grissom P. M., McIntosh J. R. Dynein from Dictyostelium: primary structure comparisons between a cytoplasmic motor enzyme and flagellar dynein. J Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;119(6):1597–1604. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.6.1597. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lye R. J., Porter M. E., Scholey J. M., McIntosh J. R. Identification of a microtubule-based cytoplasmic motor in the nematode C. elegans. Cell. 1987 Oct 23;51(2):309–318. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90157-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Matus A. Microtubule-associated proteins: their potential role in determining neuronal morphology. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1988;11:29–44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.000333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McLachlan A. D., Karn J. Periodic features in the amino acid sequence of nematode myosin rod. J Mol Biol. 1983 Mar 15;164(4):605–626. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(83)90053-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Miller R. H., Lasek R. J. Cross-bridges mediate anterograde and retrograde vesicle transport along microtubules in squid axoplasm. J Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;101(6):2181–2193. doi: 10.1083/jcb.101.6.2181. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ogawa K. Four ATP-binding sites in the midregion of the beta heavy chain of dynein. Nature. 1991 Aug 15;352(6336):643–645. doi: 10.1038/352643a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Paschal B. M., Vallee R. B. Retrograde transport by the microtubule-associated protein MAP 1C. Nature. 1987 Nov 12;330(6144):181–183. doi: 10.1038/330181a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Scholey J. M., Heuser J., Yang J. T., Goldstein L. S. Identification of globular mechanochemical heads of kinesin. Nature. 1989 Mar 23;338(6213):355–357. doi: 10.1038/338355a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Vale R. D., Schnapp B. J., Mitchison T., Steuer E., Reese T. S., Sheetz M. P. Different axoplasmic proteins generate movement in opposite directions along microtubules in vitro. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):623–632. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90234-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Vallee R. B., Shpetner H. S. Motor proteins of cytoplasmic microtubules. Annu Rev Biochem. 1990;59:909–932. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yang J. T., Laymon R. A., Goldstein L. S. A three-domain structure of kinesin heavy chain revealed by DNA sequence and microtubule binding analyses. Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):879–889. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90692-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES