Table 3.
Maternal and paternal characteristics and maternal nutrient intakes associated with 6 months old offspring adiposity-adjusted analysis *.
| Model | Variable | Total Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SEB | p-Value | R2adj | p-Value | |
| Weight for length z-score | 0.079 | 0.001 | |||
| Trimester 1 sodium | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | ||
| Weight for age z-score | 0.141 | <0.001 | |||
| Trimester 2 saturated fatty (%TE) | 0.075 | 0.027 | 0.005 | ||
| Length for age z-score | 0.186 | <0.001 | |||
| Trimester 1 carotene | 9.63E−05 | 0.00004 | 0.013 | ||
| Trimester 1 PUFA (%TE) | 0.159 | 0.049 | 0.002 | ||
| BMI for age z-score | 0.071 | 0.002 | |||
| Trimester 1 sodium | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | ||
| MUAC-for-age z-score | 0.182 | 0.001 | |||
| Trimester 3 sodium | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.009 | ||
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 0.059 | 0.018 | 0.002 | ||
| Triceps skinfold-for-age z-score | 0.088 | 0.003 | |||
| Trimester 3 vitamin C | −0.005 | 0.003 | 0.035 | ||
| Trimester 3 glycaemic index | 0.053 | 0.023 | 0.023 | ||
| Subscapular skinfold-for-age z-score | 0.071 | 0.045 | |||
| Moderate PA baseline (number of 20 min intervals/day) | 0.115 | 0.045 | 0.013 | ||
| Thigh circumference | 0.099 | 0.001 | |||
| Trimester 1 sodium | 0.001 | 0.0003 | 0.013 | ||
| Trimester 1 carotene | 0.0002 | 0.00008 | 0.038 | ||
| Trimester 3 carbohydrate (%TE) | −0.081 | 0.034 | 0.019 | ||
| Biceps skinfold | 0.109 | 0.003 | |||
| Trimester 1 thiamine | 0.603 | 0.207 | 0.004 | ||
| Baseline minutes sitting/weekday | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.064 | ||
| Trimester 3 glycaemic index | 0.121 | 0.04 | 0.003 | ||
| Sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds | 0.067 | 0.015 | |||
| Trimester 2 vitamin C | −0.015 | 0.005 | 0.007 | ||
| Waist:Hip circumference ratio | 0.163 | <0.001 | |||
| Trimester 1 vitamin B6 | −0.028 | 0.012 | 0.019 | ||
| Trimester 3 potassium | 3.01E−05 | 8.39E−06 | <0.001 | ||
| Trimester 1 glycaemic index | −0.004 | 0.001 | 0.004 | ||
| Trimester 2 saturated fat (%TE) | 0.006 | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||
Backwards stepwise multiple linear regression was used for this analysis * adjusted for well-established influences on neonatal size. Group affiliation was also included in all models (i.e., control or intervention). Z-score values were adjusted for birthweight, education, intervention group, breastfeeding and definite underreporting (Goldberg ratio ≤ 0.9). Non-z-score values were adjusted for birthweight, education, infant age at measurement, infant gender, intervention group, breastfeeding and definite underreporting (Goldberg ratio ≤ 0.9). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Abbreviations: MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference; PA: physical activity; %TE: percentage of total energy; BMI: body mass index; PUFA: poly-unsaturated fatty acid; SEB: the standard error of the computed value of B.