Table 2.
Multivariable explanatory effects of total dairy intake (serves/day) on cardiometabolic risk factors.
| Outcomes | Girls Model 1 a | Girls Model 2 b | Boys Model 1 | Boys Model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR c or B d (95% CI) | OR or B (95% CI) | OR or B (95% CI) | OR or B (95% CI) | |
| IDF met | 0.72 (0.48, 1.08) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.13) | 0.88 (0.58, 1.35) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.58) |
| Cluster met | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) |
| Waist: height | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
| CRP | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| HOMA-IR | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) |
| HDL | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.001) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.998) * |
| LDL | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) |
| Total: HDL | 0.98 (0.97, 0.999) * | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02 |
| SBP | 0.40 (−0.33, 1.14) | 0.56 (−0.25, 1.36) | −0.25 (−0.84, 0.35) | −0.45 (−1.04, 0.13) |
| DBP | −0.13 (−0.76, 0.29) | −0.12 (−0.65, 0.40) | −0.51 (−0.84, −0.19) * | −0.54 (−0.92, −0.17) * |
IDF met = classified as having metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) adolescent specific criteria [27]; Cluster met = classified as being in the high metabolic risk cluster based on cluster analysis in the cohort [28]; CRP = C-reactive protein (mg/L); HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [25,26]; HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L); LDL = low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L); SBP = systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP = diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); * = p < 0.05; a Model 1 adjusted for age, kilojoule intake and reporting status; b Model 2 further adjusted for aerobic fitness, maternal age, BMI, ever breastfed (yes/no), and healthy and Western dietary pattern scores, except models of MetS IDF, MetS cluster, and waist-height ratio, which did not include adjustment for BMI; c IDF & cluster met—odds ratio (OR) is the factor change in odds of being classified as having MetS (defined by those criteria) associated with a one serve increase in total dairy consumption; waist-height ratio, CRP, HOMA-IR, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and total: HDL cholesterol ratio—percentage (factor) change in each measure associated with a one serve increase in total dairy consumption. The change is statistically significant at the 5% level if the 95% CI excludes one (these response variables were logged for modelling); d SBP, DBP—coefficient (B) is mean change in pressure with a one serve increase in total dairy consumption. The change is statistically significant at the 5% level if the 95% CI excludes zero.