Diagram showing the experimental protocols for the three rat liver preservation experiments used in this study. For one group, donor impermeants (gluconate) were given immediately before cardiac death to allow for optimal mixing, followed by cold storage and IPL reperfusion to assess liver preservation injury. In the next experiment, donor impermeants were given immediately after cardiac death with CPR to allow for mixing and delivery of the impermeants to the organs of interest, followed by cold storage and IPL assessment of preservation injury. In the final group, impermeants were given before cardiac death and livers were assessed after cold storage by measuring liver outcomes using an orthotopic, syngeneic, rat liver transplant model with prolonged seven day survival after reperfusion. All three experimental groups share a surgical prep period, a DCD period (30 min warm ischemia), a cold storage period (24 h in cold UW solution), and an evaluation period (1 h on the IPL or 7-days after liver transplantation).