Table 3.
Meta-analysis: risk of bias in individual randomized clinical trials evaluating interventions to improve compliance to lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes according to intervention category
| Selection bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participant and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | |
| Psychology category | ||||||
| Ellis, 2005 –2007b | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Nansel, 2007 | low | low | low | low | high | uncertain |
| Weinger, 2011a | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Nansel, 2011 | low | low | high | uncertain | high | low |
| Mulvaney, 2010 | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain |
| Franklin, 2006 | low | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
| Telecare category | ||||||
| Montori, 2004 | low | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
| Lawson, 2005 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Farmer, 2005 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Landau, 2011 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Gay, 2006 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Esmatjes, 2014 | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | low |
| Education category | ||||||
| Cook, 2002 | uncertain | uncertain | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
| Howe, 2005 | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | low | uncertain | low |
| Weinger, 2011b | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
| Nunn, 2006 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
aThe same study had three arms evaluated as: psychology versus individual care and education versus individual care interventions
bFour published complementary reports