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. 2015 Aug 31;65(9):882–892. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biv107

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© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 1. — Large- and small-scale throughfall exclusion (TFE) structures in tropical rain forest, placed 0.5–2 meters aboveground level. (a) Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil (treatment size: 1 hectare). (b) Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico (treatment size: 1.5 square meters).