Cdc42 is involved in TGF-β-induced Sox9 transactivities and Col2 mRNA expression. (a, c, e, and g) Cdc42, Pak, and Akt affected the Sox9 luciferase activity. After cotransfection with the Sox9 and Renilla luciferase plasmids, C3H10T1/2 cells were infected with Cdc42-sh, Akt1-sh lentiviruses, or treated with indicated concentrations of IPA-3 or wortmannin for 24 hr in the presence or absence of TGF-β. (b, d, f, and i) Cdc42, Pak, and Akt affected the mRNA levels of Col2. C3H10T1/2 cells infected with Cdc42-sh, Akt1-sh lentiviruses, or pretreated with 10 μM IPA-3 or wortmannin were stimulated with or without TGF-β for an additional 48 hr. (h) The efficiency of AKT knockdown in C3H10T1/2 cells infected with scramble-sh or Akt1-sh lentiviruses for 48 hr. (j and k) da-Akt1 reversed the effects of Cdc42-sh on Sox9-luciferase activity and Col2 mRNA expression. C3H10T1/2 cells infected with Cdc42-sh lentiviruses and/or transfected with da-Akt1 plasmids were stimulated with or without TGF-β for 48 hr. (l) Cdc42fl/fl and PrxCre;Cdc42fl/fl limb buds at E11.5 and E13.5 were harvested for RT-PCR analyses of Col2 mRNA expression. *P < 0.05 vs. scramble-sh or DMSO and vehicle treatments; †P < 0.05 vs. scramble-sh or DMSO and TGF-β treatments; #P < 0.05 vs. cells infected with Cdc42-sh and transfected with empty vector.