Table 1.
Carotenoids and polyphenols contained in each intervention.
| Compounds | Mean ± SD OA * (µg/g) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RT | TS | TSOO | Control | |
| Carotenoids | ||||
| lutein | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | ND |
| alpha-carotene | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 1.06 ± 0.07 | ND |
| beta-carotene | 246 ± 142 | 323 ± 179 | 355 ± 194 | ND |
| Z-lycopene isomers 1 | 5.53 ± 1.51 | 12.4 ± 3.6 | 27.1 ± 7.3 | ND |
| E-lycopene | 36.7 ± 8.6 | 39.3 ± 5.2 | 77.5 ± 11.9 | ND |
| Total carotenoids | 289 ± 106 | 376 ± 139 | 461± 150 | |
| Total carotenoids OA (mg) 2 | 144 ± 26.7 | 94.2 ± 34.9 | 115 ± 37.5 | |
| Polyphenols | ||||
| Flavonoids | ||||
| Flavanones | 103 ± 15.5 | 146 ± 26.4 | 135 ± 28.5 | ND |
| Flavanols | 4.87 ± 0.29 | 6.91 ± 0.21 | 7.75 ± 0.31 | ND |
| Non-flavonoids | ||||
| Phenolic acids | 2.47 ± 0.12 | 5.66 ± 0.07 | 5.38 ± 0.13 | ND |
| Total polyphenols | 110 ± 9.98 | 159 ± 19.1 | 148 ± 11.9 | ND |
| Total polyphenols OA (mg) 2 | 55.4 ± 8.32 | 39.8 ± 5.17 | 37.2 ± 4.09 | |
Values are means ± SD. RT, raw tomato; TS, olive oil free tomato sauce; TSOO, refined olive oil tomato sauce; OA, Orally administered; ND, Not detected. 1 (Z)-lycopene includes all (Z)-isomers ((5Z)-lycopene, (9Z)-lycopene, and (13Z)-lycopene); 2 Corresponding to the dose orally administered per 70 kg of body weight.