Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Heart Journal logoLink to British Heart Journal
. 1981 Jul;46(1):41–46. doi: 10.1136/hrt.46.1.41

Hydraulic orifice formula for echographic measurement of the mitral valve area in stenosis. Application to M-mode echocardiography and correlation with cardiac catheterisation.

W S Seitz, K Furukawa
PMCID: PMC482600  PMID: 7272110

Abstract

A mitral valve orifice equation has been formulated which allows the computation of mitral valve area (A) from the echographically measurable variables of stroke volume (SV) and diastolic filling period (DFP) in seconds per minute by the formula, A=21 (SV)/(DFP)2. Mitral valve areas computed from M-mode echographic measurements are shown to correlate with areas computed by the Gorlin formula (r-0.90) for resting state conditions of predominant mitral stenosis of clinical grades 2 to 4. The results suggest that, in the absence of wall motion irregularities, M-mode echocardiography can quantitatively assess the mitral valve area in stenosis.

Full text

PDF
41

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Clark C. Relation between pressure difference across the aortic valve and left ventricular outflow. Cardiovasc Res. 1978 May;12(5):276–287. doi: 10.1093/cvr/12.5.276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cope G. D., Kisslo J. A., Johnson M. L., Behar V. S. A reassessment of the echocardiogram in mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1975 Oct;52(4):664–670. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.52.4.664. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Diebold B., Theroux P., Bourassa M. G., Thuillez C., Peronneau P., Guermonprez J. L., Xhaard M., Waters D. D. Non-invasive pulsed Doppler study of mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation: preliminary study. Br Heart J. 1979 Aug;42(2):168–175. doi: 10.1136/hrt.42.2.168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. EDLER I., GUSTAFSON A. Ultrasonic cardiogram in mitral stenosis; preliminary communication. Acta Med Scand. 1957 Nov 15;159(2):85–90. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1957.tb00109.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Effert S. Pre- and postoperative evaluation of mitral stenosis by ultrasound. Am J Cardiol. 1967 Jan;19(1):59–65. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(67)90262-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gustafson A. Correlation between ultrasoundcardiography, hemodynamics and surgical findings in mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1967 Jan;19(1):32–41. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(67)90259-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hatle L., Angelsen B., Tromsdal A. Noninvasive assessment of atrioventricular pressure half-time by Doppler ultrasound. Circulation. 1979 Nov;60(5):1096–1104. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.60.5.1096. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hatle L., Brubakk A., Tromsdal A., Angelsen B. Noninvasive assessment of pressure drop in mitral stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. Br Heart J. 1978 Feb;40(2):131–140. doi: 10.1136/hrt.40.2.131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henry W. L., Griffith J. M., Michaelis L. L., McIntosh C. L., Morrow A. G., Epstein S. E. Measurement of mitral orifice area in patients with mitral valve disease by real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 1975 May;51(5):827–831. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.51.5.827. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holen J., Simonsen S. Determination of pressure gradient in mitral stenosis with Doppler echocardiography. Br Heart J. 1979 May;41(5):529–535. doi: 10.1136/hrt.41.5.529. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. JOYNER C. R., Jr, REID J. M., BOND J. P. Reflected ultrasound in the assessment of mitral valve disease. Circulation. 1963 Apr;27(4 Pt 1):503–511. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.27.4.503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kronik G., Slany J., Mösslacher H. Comparative value of eight M-mode echocardiographic formulas for determining left ventricular stroke volume. A correlative study with thermodilution and left ventricular single-plane cineangiography. Circulation. 1979 Dec;60(6):1308–1316. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.60.6.1308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mary D. A., Pakrashi B. C., Wooler G. H., Ionescu M. I. Study with reflected ultrasound of patients with mitral valve repair. Br Heart J. 1973 May;35(5):480–487. doi: 10.1136/hrt.35.5.480. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nichol P. M., Gilbert B. W., Kisslo J. A. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1977 Jan;55(1):120–128. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.55.1.120. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Seitz W. S., Operschall E. J. Noninvasive determination of the mitral valve area in stenosis: a computational model and correlation with autopsy and open heart measurements. Cardiovasc Res. 1980 Apr;14(4):223–228. doi: 10.1093/cvr/14.4.223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shiu M. F. Mitral valve closure index. Echocardiographic index of severity of mitral stenosis. Br Heart J. 1977 Aug;39(8):839–843. doi: 10.1136/hrt.39.8.839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Strunk B. L., London E. J., Fitzgerald J., Popp R. L., Barry W. H. The assessment of mitral stenosis and prosthetic mitral valve obstruction, using the posterior aortic wall echocardiogram. Circulation. 1977 Jun;55(6):885–891. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.55.6.885. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Heart Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES