Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Smoking Characteristics
| Total Sample (n=63) | Extended Contingent (n=31) | Extended Noncontingent (n=32) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 34.4 ± 10.3 | 36.2 ± 10.4 | 32.7 ± 10.1 |
| Education (years) | 12.8 ± 1.5 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 13.0 ± 1.6 |
| Male (%) | 41 | 42 | 41 |
| Caucasian (%) | 97 | 100 | 94 |
| Never married (%) | 62 | 65 | 59 |
| Employed (%) | 35 | 32 | 38 |
| Opioid Treatment Characteristics | |||
| Methadone maintained (%) | 71 | 68 | 75 |
| Opioid maintenance dose > 100mg methadone or 8mg buprenorphine (%) | 52% | 52% | 53% |
| Length of time in treatment (months) | 10.5 (4.3–28) | 12.2 (4.0–36.5) | 10 (5.0–24.3) |
| Smoking Characteristics | |||
| Number of cigarettes smoked/day (past 7 days) | 18.2 ± 9.5 | 17.7 ± 7.2 | 18.7 ± 11.3 |
| Age at 1st cigarette (years) | 13.0 ± 2.9 | 13.5 ± 3.0 | 12.6 ± 2.7 |
| Mean number of years smoked regularly | 16.7 ± 10.9 | 17.5 ± 10.6 | 15.8 ± 11.3 |
| Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (0–10) | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 2.0 |
| Expired breath CO at study intake (ppm) | 10.3 ± 5.6 | 10.2 ± 6.0 | 10.4 ± 5.4 |
| Urinary cotinine at study intake (ng/ml) | 1343.3 ± 631.8 | 1223.6 ± 696.2 | 1459.3 ± 548.7 |
| Planning to quit next 30 days (%) | 98 | 100 | 97 |
| Smoking Quit History | |||
| Ever tried to quit (%) | 94 | 90 | 97 |
| Previous quit attempts (no.) | 8.6 ± 9.2 | 7.6 ± 8.3 | 9.6 ± 10.1 |
| Longest duration quit (days) | 105.0 (14.0–365.0) | 127.5 (14.0–365.0) | 90.0 (14.0–365.0) |
| ASI Subscale Scores b | |||
| Medical | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 |
| Employment | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Alcohol | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.1 |
| Drug | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
| Opiate | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| Cocaine | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 |
| Legal | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
| Family/Social | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 |
| Psychiatric | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
a
p-values based on independent sample t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square measures for categorical variables
b
Addiction Severity Index (Range 0–1)
Note. Values represent M ± SD unless otherwise indicated. There was no statistical evidence of chance imbalances on any of the characteristics shown between randomized groups (all p>0.05).