Abstract Abstract
This paper treats the discovery of new species and new records of aleocharine beetles for the province of New Brunswick. We report here 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. The following are the new species: Acrotona brachyoptera Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Acrotona sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) chartersensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) cranberriensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) bubo Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) makepeacei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) sphagnicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) thujae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Philhygra atypicalis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Thamiaraea corverae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Thamiaraea claydeni Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Pleurotobia bourdonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Pleurotobia brunswickensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Agaricomorpha vincenti Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aldersonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oligota polyporicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oligota sevogle Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Hylota cryptica Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oxypoda sunpokeana Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., and Phloeopora gilbertae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. The spermatheca of Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, Dinaraea longipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, and Dinaraea subdepressa (Bernhauer) are illustrated for the first time. Male specimens of Mniusa odelli Klimaszewski & Webster were confirmed and are illustrated. Color habitus images and black and white images of the median lobe of the aedeagus, the spermatheca, and tergite and sternite VIII are provided for all species. New or additional habitat data are provided for most of the species treated in this contribution.
Keywords: Taxonomy, ecology, rove beetles, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, new species, new records, New Brunswick, Canada
Introduction
Webster et al. (2012) reviewed and summarized the knowledge of the Aleocharinae known from New Brunswick to 2012, and newly recorded 28 species, bringing the total number of species known from the province to 215. Later, Klimaszewski et al. (2013b, 2014, and 2015b, c) added 19 species in the genera Atheta, Clusiota, Dinaraea, Gnathusa, Mniusa, Ocyusa, and Mocyta to the faunal list of New Brunswick as a result of new species descriptions and new records. During the last several years, the senior author accumulated material containing 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records from the province of New Brunswick. The purpose of this paper is to report on these new discoveries.
Methods and conventions
Various methods were employed to collect the specimens reported in this study. Details are outlined in Webster et al. (2009, Appendix). Some specimens were collected from Lindgren funnel trap samples during a study to develop improved survey tools for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae. These traps are visually similar to tree trunks and are often effective for sampling species of Coleoptera that live in microhabitats associated with standing trees (Lindgren 1983). In many sites, equal numbers of traps were deployed in the canopy and 1 m high under trees. For details of the methods used to deploy Lindgren traps and for sample collection, see Webster et al. (2012) and Hughes et al. (2014). A description of the habitat was recorded for all specimens collected during this survey. Locality and habitat data are presented here as on the labels for each record. Two labels were used on many specimens (RWC), one that included the locality, collection date, and collector, and one with macro- and microhabitat data and collection method. Information is separated by a ‘//’ in the data for specimens where more than one label is present. Macro- and microhabitat information, as well as additional published data, is summarized and discussed in the natural history section for each species.
Most specimens were dissected to confirm their identity. The genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides and then pinned with the specimen from which they originated. Images of the entire body and the genital structures were taken using an image processing system (Nikon SMZ 1500 stereoscopic microscope; Nikon Digit-like Camera DXM 1200F, and Adobe Photoshop software).
Morphological terms used in species descrptions mainly follow those used by Seevers (1978), Ashe (2000), and Klimaszewski et al. (2011). The ventral side of the median lobe of the aedeagus is considered to be the side of the bulbus containing the foramen mediale, the entrance of the ductus ejaculatorius, and the adjacent ventral side of the tubus of the median lobe with internal sac and its structures (this part is referred to as the parameral side in some recent publications); the opposite side is referred to as the dorsal part. In the species descriptions, microsculpture refers to the surface of the upper forebody (head, pronotum and elytra).
Distribution. New provincial records are cited with current distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories, and are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text:
AB
AK
BC
MB
NB
NF & LB
NS
NT
NU
ON
PE
QC
SK
YT
*Newfoundland and Labrador are each treated separately under the current Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
USA state abbreviations follow those of the US Postal Service. Acronyms of collections examined and referred to in this study are as follows:
AFC
CNC
FMNH
LFC
LUC
NBM
NSPM
RWC
Results
We report here on 63 species of Aleocharinae: 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. Specimens were collected from a variety of microhabitats, including mushrooms (15 species), moist sphagnum or other vegetation near streams or ponds (14 species), under sea wrack or cobblestones near streams (7 species), in moldy corncobs or compost (7 species), inside or near the entrance to nests, burrows, or homes of animals such as owls, marmots and beavers (6 species), in animal dung (2 species), and on or under the bark of logs (2 species). Lindgren 12-funnel traps collected 33 of the 63 species and provided the sole specimens for 13 of the species.
Species accounts
Family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1806
Subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821
Tribe Aleocharini Fleming, 1821
Subtribe Aleocharina Fleming, 1821
Aleochara (Calochara) rubricalis
(Casey, 1911)
Figures 1–8.
Aleochara (Calochara) rubricalis (Casey): 1, habitus in dorsal view 2 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 3 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 4 male tergite VIII 5 male sternite VIII 6 female tergite VIII 7 female sternite VIII 8 spermatheca 2, 8 modified from Klimaszewski (1984). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Aleochara (Calochara) rubricalis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski 1984)
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, LFC); Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 15–29.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel traps 1 m high under trees (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 8.X.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Regenerating mixed forest, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Little is known about the biology of Aleochara rubricalis. One specimen was reported from a mouse nest (Klimaszewski 1984). In NB, specimens were collected in Lindgren funnel traps in an old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest, an old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forest, and an old balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) stand near a river. One specimen was found among decaying mushrooms in a regenerating mixed forest. Adults were collected during May, June, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
BC, ON, NB (Klimaszewski 1984; Bousquet et al. 2013). Aleochara rubricalis was previously known mainly from the west coast from BC south to CA and northern AZ, with one doubtful record from western ON (Klimaszewski 1984). The records presented above indicate that this species is transcontinental in Canada.
Aleochara (Calochara) speculicollis
Bernhauer, 1901
Figures 9–16.
Aleochara (Calochara) speculicollis Bernhauer: 9 habitus in dorsal view 10 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 11 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 12 male tergite VIII 13 male sternite VIII 14 female tergite VIII 15 female sternite VIII 16 spermatheca. 10–13 modified from Klimaszewski (1984). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Aleochara (Calochara) speculicollis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski 1984)
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8254°N, 66.0780°W, 13.VIII.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying chanterelle (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Almost nothing is known about the habitat and biology of this species. In NB, one specimen was found in a decaying chanterelle mushroom in a mixed forest. Elsewhere, one individual was sifted from deep layers of wet and moldy oak (Quercus) leaf litter (Klimaszewski 1984).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
AB, ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski 1984; Bousquet et al. 2013). Aleochara speculicollis has a very spotty distribution, with most records from western North America. The previous easternmost record was from western QC (Klimaszewski 1984).
Aleochara (Echochara) ocularis
Klimaszewski, 1984
Figures 17–24.
Aleochara (Echochara) ocularis Klimaszewski: 17 habitus in dorsal view 18 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 19 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 20 male tergite VIII 21 male sternite VIII 22 female tergite VIII 23 female sternite VIII 24 spermatheca 19, 18, 24 modified from Klimaszewski (1984). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Aleochara (Echochara) ocularis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski 1984)
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., 46.8072°N, 64.9082°W, 21.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/Jack pine forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 25.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/hardwood forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
This species has been found in entrances of fox (Vulpes sp.) and woodchuck (Marmota monax (L.)) burrows in early spring (April to June) (Klimaszewski 1984), and in caves (Klimaszewski and Peck 1986). Adults were taken from moist soil and grass roots near the burrow entrances, and in carrion in caves. The two specimens from NB were found in similar burrow habitats during May.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
MB, ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski 1984; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Tinotus caviceps
Casey, 1894
Figures 25–33.
Tinotus caviceps Casey: 25 habitus in dorsal view 26, 27 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 28 male tergite VIII 29 male sternite VIII 30–33 spermatheca 27, 30–33 modified from Klimaszewski et al. (2002). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Tinotus caviceps (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2002)
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 7.VI.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Regenerating mixed forest, pitfall trap (1 ♂, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 14.IX.2004 // Mixed forest, small sedge marsh, in moist grass litter (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, RWC).
Natural history.
In NB, specimens were collected from a pitfall trap and from moist grass litter in a small sedge marsh in a mixed forest. One specimen from QC was captured in a Luminoc pit-light trap (Klimaszewski et al. 2002); specimens from ON were collected in hedgerows beside soybean fields (Brunke 2011 [thesis]). Little else is known about the biology of this species. Adults were found during May, June, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2002; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Comments.
Brunke et al. (2012) provided additional evidence supporting the concept that Tinotus caviceps and Tinotus trisecus Casey are distinct species.
Tribe Athetini Casey, 1910
Subtribe Athetina Casey, 1910
Acrotona brachyoptera
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/658B1A2D-2996-4C2F-97BF-B3515B584577
Figures 34–41.
Acrotona brachyoptera Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 34 habitus in dorsal view 35 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 36 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 37 male tergite VIII 38 male sternite VIII 39 female tergite VIII 40 female sternite VIII 41 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 12.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum and litter in depression with Carex (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Wakefield, “Bell Forest Nature Preserve”, 46.2210°N, 67.7210°W, 19.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in leaf litter on mound of soil (1 ♀, LFC). Queens Co., ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Old red oak / red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pool (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 29.VI.1999, 21.IX.1999, Site 2, Clearcut, Pitfall trap, G. Gesner, Coll. (2 ♂, LFC); same data but 22.VI.1999, Site 2, Select 2, (1 ♀, LFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting moss near brook (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 14.V.2007, 18.VI.2007 // sifting leaf litter (2 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9816°N, 66.3374°W, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (2 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 14.V.2007, 14.V.2007, 17.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting moss (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, AFC; 1 ♂, RWC); same data but 14.V.2007, 18.VII.2007 // sifting leaf litter (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♀, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0173°N, 66.3741°W, 14.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest, sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1 sex undetermined, AFC). York Co., Canterbury, Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.8967°N, 67.6343°W, 2.V.2005, M. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. // Forested cedar fen, in litter at base of cedar (1 ♀, NBM); New Maryland, off Hwy 2, E of Baker Brook, 45.8760°N, 66.6252°W, 6.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth cedar swamp, in moss & litter at base of cedar (1 sex undetermined, LFC); same data but 20.IV.2005 (1 ♂, LFC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8331°N, 66.7410°W, 16.IV.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce & cedar forest, in moss & litter near small brook (1 ♀, CNC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 15.IV.2005, 20.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, small sedge marsh in moist grass litter & sphagnum (1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♂, LFC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8282°N, 66.7367°W, 9.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh, in moist sphagnum in Carex marsh (1 ♂, LFC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8341°N, 66.7445°W, 22.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature spruce & cedar forest, seepage area in saturated sphagnum & leaf litter (1 ♂, 1 ♀, NBM); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8428°N, 66.7235°W, 1.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. (1 ♂, RWC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 29.III.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, under alders near small stream, in leaf litter (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 22.IV.2004 // Mixed forest, in leaf litter & moss near small shaded brook (1 ♂, LFC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8342°N, 66.7450°W, 21.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, margin of vernal pond in moist leaf litter (1 ♀, RWC); New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 11.VII.2006, R.P. Webster // Mature mixed forest, in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); Hwy 2 near Exit 271, 45.8986°N, 66.7918°W, 8.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest in leaf litter (sifting) (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♀, RWC); Kingsclear near Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8987°N, 66.7903°W, 9.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Marsh with scattered alders, sifting grass & sphagnum at base of alders (1 ♀, LFC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster // wet alder swamp, in leaf litter & grass on hummocks (1 ♀, RWC). Ontario, Alfred Bog, 17.VII.1982, L. LeSage, berl., litter, for., trail (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC).
Etymology.
This species is named for the short (brachyopterous, alternative spelling of brachypterous) elytra.
Description.
Body length 2.8–3.0 mm, very narrow, uniformly dark brown except for paler elytra, apex of abdomen, legs and basal antennal articles (Fig. 34); integument strongly glossy, moderately densely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head about one-sixth narrower than pronotum, rounded posteriorly with small eyes about three times shorter than postocular area; antennae with articles V–X transverse; pronotum broad, transverse, distinctly broader than elytra, posterolateral margin completely rounded; elytra shorter than pronotum; abdomen tapering apically. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus narrowly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 35), arcuate ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 36); internal sac structures as illustrated (Figs 35, 36); tergite VIII slightly pointed apically (Fig. 37); sternite VIII elongate, truncate apically with base sinuate (Fig. 38). Female. Tergite VIII more apically produced than that of male (Fig. 39); sternite VIII deeply emarginate apically (Fig. 40); spermatheca with club-shaped capsule and coiled stem (Fig. 41).
Distribution.
Known from ON and NB, Canada.
Natural history.
In NB, this species was found in an old red maple (Acer rubrum L.) forest, mixed forests, a wet alder (Alnus sp.) swamp, a mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and red maple forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in a Carex marsh, small sedge marsh, marsh with scattered alders, in old-growth eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) swamps and forests, and in 8.5-year-old regenerating mixed forests. Adults occurred in moss and litter near brooks, in moss and litter at the base of cedar, in moss and litter in red spruce and cedar forests, in leaf litter under alders near a stream, in leaf litter and grass on hummocks in a wet alder swamp, in grass litter and sphagnum in marshes, moist leaves on the margin of a vernal pool, in sphagnum and leaf litter at the bottom of old tire depressions, and one specimen was collected from a gilled mushroom. Adults were collected during March, April, May, June, July, August, and September.
Comments.
This species has genitalic structures similar to those of Acrotona subpygmaea but differs by its narrower body, the pronotum broader than the elytra with posterolateral margin completely rounded near base, elytra shorter than pronotum, and its body is darker with paler, reddish-brown elytra and apical portion of the abdomen. In Acrotona subpygmaea, the posterolateral margin of pronotum is slightly angulate near the base and the body is uniformly dark brown.
Acrotona sphagnorum
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/20AB1664-C794-4041-8CBE-9F704D543D55
Figures 42–49.
Acrotona sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 42 habitus in dorsal view 43 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 44 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 45 male tergite VIII 46 male sternite VIII 47 female tergite VIII 48 female sternite VIII 49 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8285°N, 66.7365°W, 21.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar & red spruce forest, in moss & litter (1 ♂, LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., Hwy 3 at Deadwater Brook, 45.4745°N, 67.1225°W, 23.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Black spruce forest, in sphagnum (1 ♀, LFC; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same data but 3.VI.2005 // Black spruce forest, in moist sphagnum (1 ♂, RWC); S of Little Pocologan River, 45.15365°N, 66.62687°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster coll. // Black spruce and tamarack bog, in litter and moss on “moose” trail (1 sex undetermined, LFC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge PNA, 47.8189°N, 65.9952°W, 25.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp with black spruce, in moist sphagnum (1 ♀, RWC); NE of jct. Little Tobique R. & Red Br., 47.4501°N, 67.0577°W, 24.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moist sphagnum (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Manner’s Sutton, Upper Brockway, 45.5684°N, 67.0993°W, 23.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Forested black spruce bog, in sphagnum (1 ♀, RWC).
Etymology.
Sphagnorum is a Latin adjective derived from the generic name of Sphagnum sp., a dominant plant in most of the habitats where this species was found.
Description.
Body length 2.3 mm, moderately narrow, uniformly dark brown except for reddish legs and two small yellowish-red areas on each elytron near suture (Fig. 42); integument strongly glossy, densely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head round, about one-fourth narrower than pronotum, rounded posteriorly with eyes shorter than postocular area; antennae with articles V–X transverse; pronotum shield-shaped, transverse, much broader than elytra at base; elytra shorter than pronotum; abdomen tapering apically. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus narrowly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 43), straight ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 44); internal sac structures as illustrated (Figs 43, 44); tergite VIII emarginate apically (Fig. 45); sternite VIII elongate, rounded apically, slightly sinuate at base (Fig. 46). Female. Tergite VIII slightly emarginate (Fig. 47); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 48); spermatheca with club-shaped capsule and coiled stem (Fig. 49).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
This species was found in moist sphagnum in forested black spruce bogs, and in eastern white cedar swamps and forests. One individual was found in moss and litter in a moose (Alces alces) trail through a black spruce and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and June.
Comments.
This species is distinct externally because of its shield-shaped pronotum, which is slightly wider than the elytra, which contributes to a habitus that is somewhat similar to species of Mocyta. It may be distinguished from all other Nearctic Acrotona, by the unique shape of its genital structures, including male and female tergite VIII.
Acrotona subpygmaea
(Bernhauer, 1909)
Figures 50–58.
Acrotona subpygmaea (Bernhauer): 50, habitus in dorsal view 51 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 52, 53 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 54 male tergite VIII 55 male sternite VIII 56 female tergite VIII 57 female sternite VIII 58 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Acrotona subpygmaea (For details, see Brunke et al. 2012)
Diagnosis.
Body length 2.6–2.8 mm, moderately narrow, uniformly dark brown except for paler legs and basal antennal articles (Fig. 50); integument moderately glossy, densely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head about one-third narrower than pronotum, rounded posteriorly with eyes shorter than postocular area; antennae with articles V–X transverse; pronotum broad, transverse, as wide as elytra at base and posterolateral margin slightly angulate, not completely rounded; elytra as long as pronotum or slightly longer; abdomen subparallel for most of its length. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus narrowly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 51), arcuate ventrally in lateral view (Figs 52, 53); internal sac structures as illustrated (Figs 51–53); tergite VIII slightly pointed apically (Fig. 54); sternite VIII elongate, truncate apically and bearing sinuate base (Fig. 55). Female. Tergite VIII more apically produced than that of male (Fig. 56); sternite VIII deeply emarginate apically (Fig. 57); spermatheca with club-shaped capsule and coiled stem (Fig. 58). This species has genitalic structures almost identical to those of Acrotona brachyoptera, but differs by its broader body, longer elytra, and darker and more uniform body color.
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co.,12 km SSE of Upper Napan, 46.8991°N, 65.3682°W, 7.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in moist leaf litter (2 ♂, LFC); ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, vernal pond margin, in leaf litter (1 ♂, AFC, 1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., Canning, Grand Lake near Scotchtown, 45.8762°N, 66.1817°W, 25.V.2006, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp near lake margin, margin of vernal pond in moist leaves (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // old red oak/red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pond (1 ♂, RWC); near Queenstown, 45.6904°N, 66.1455°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // old-growth hardwood forest, in leaf litter near seepage and brook (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.7491°N, 66.1114°W, 24.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Hardwood forest, among moist leaves in dried snow-melt pool (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.9031°N, 66.4268°W, 11.IX.2006, R.P. Webster, oak & red maple forest, on gilled mushrooms (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting leaf litter & moss (2 ♂, AFC); same data but 14.V.2007 // sifting leaf litter (1, sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0173°N, 66.3741°W, 17.VIII.2007, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest // in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, AFC). York Co., trail to Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.9033°N, 67.6260°W, 2.V.2005, M. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest with cedar, margin of vernal pond in moist leaf litter (1 ♂, CNC); Fredericton, Nashwaaksis River at Rt. 105, 45.9850°N, 66.6900°W, 6.V.2006, R.P. Webster // River margin, in flood debris on upper river margin (1 ♀, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8341°N, 66.7445°W, 22.IV.2005, 27.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, margin of vernal pond among moist leaves (3 ♀, LFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 29.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Mature mixed forest, margin of vernal pond among moist leaves (1 ♀, NBM, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 1.IV.2007 // Mixed forest, under bark of stump sticking out of snow (1 ♀, LFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, Old-growth red spruce & cedar forest, in moss & litter at base of tree (1 ♂, LFC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh adjacent to slow (flowing) stream, in Carex hummock (1 ♀, LFC).
Natural history.
Most specimens of Acrotona subpygmaea from NB were found among moist leaves along margins of vernal ponds and snow-melt pools in various forest types. These included an old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) swamp, an old red oak (Quercus rubra L.)/red maple forest, hardwood forests, an eastern white cedar swamp, a mature red spruce and red maple forest, and a mature mixed forest. A few were found in leaf litter near a seepage and brook, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of an old tire depression in a regenerating mixed forest, in leaf litter and moss, in flood debris on an upper river margin, in a Carex hummock in a Carex marsh, and in a gilled mushroom. One individual was found under bark of a stump sticking out of snow in early April. Most adults were collected in May, with a few in April, June, August, and September. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species from similar habitats in ON and Majka and Klimaszewski (2010) reported it in bark of dead white pine in NS.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB, NS (Majka and Klimaszewski 2010; Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013); although previously reported from NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2005), this was a misidentification by V. Gusarov and is described here as Acrotona brachyoptera.
Alevonota gracilenta
(Erichson, 1839)†
Figures 59–67.
Alevenota gracilenta (Erichson): 59 habitus in dorsal view 60, 61 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 62 male tergite VIII 63 male sternite VIII 64 female tergite VIII 65 female sternite VIII 66, 67 spermatheca 60, 67 after Assing and Wunderle (2008) 59, 61–63 after Brunke et al. (2012). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Alevonota gracilenta (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2013a)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 21.VI-3.VII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fraxinus americana (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9844°N, 66.7592°W, 24.VI-9.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus rubra (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 3–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Pinus strobus (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Specimens of this adventive species in NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and an old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand. In southern ON, specimens were captured in pitfall traps in and near agricultural fields (Brunke et al. 2012). In the western Palaearctic, most specimens were collected in passive traps in unforested habitats, but the true habitat remains unknown (Assing and Wunderle 2008).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Comments.
Alevonota gracilenta was first reported from North America by Brunke et al. (2012) based on specimens collected in southern ON. They suggested that the introduction may have been recent.
Atheta (Datomicra) whitehorsensis
Klimaszewski & Godin, 2012
Figures 68–75.
Atheta whitehorsensis Klimaszewski & Godin: 68, habitus in dorsal view 69 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 70 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 71 male tergite VIII 72 male sternite VIII 73 female tergite VIII 74 female sternite VIII 75 spermatheca 68, 70–75 after Klimaszewski et al (2012). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Atheta (Datomicra) whitehorsensis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
The only known specimen of Atheta whitehorsensis from NB was collected from a pile of decaying corncobs. In the YT, specimens were sifted from soil in a black spruce stand (Klimaszewski et al. 2012).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
YT, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2012). The specimen from NB represents the first record of this species from eastern Canada, suggesting that Atheta whitehorsensis is transcontinental.
Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/30B80D83-4B95-4093-988D-4C10DC078D42
Figures 76–83.
Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 76 habitus in dorsal view 77 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 78 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 79 male tergite VIII 80 male sternite VIII 81 female tergite VIII 82 female sternite VIII 83 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876 N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // old jack pine forest, vernal pond margin in coyote dung (LFC). Paratype: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Mount Atkinson, 447 m elev., 47.8192 N, 68.2618°W, 23.VI.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // boreal forest, small shaded spring-fed brook with mossy margin, sifting moss (1 ♀, RWC).
Etymology.
A prefix alpha- added to the specific name crenuliventris, a species very similar to the new species.
Description.
Body length 3.2–3.6 mm, moderately narrow, elongate; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown with triangular apical dark section near suture, legs yellowish brown or reddish brown, and antennae dark brown (Fig. 76); integument moderately glossy; forebody with meshed microsculpture and minute and dense punctation and pubescence; head rounded and slightly angular posterolaterally, with large eyes, longer than postocular area in dorsal view; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum rounded, slightly transverse, wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteromedially; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, tubus triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 77), and broad, straight ventrally, with apical part broadly elongate in lateral view (Fig. 78); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 77, 78); tergite VIII shallowly emarginate apically and sinuate, lateral proximity with small tooth on each side (Fig. 79); sternite VIII broadly parabolic (Fig. 80). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 81); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 82); spermatheca club shaped, with narrow sac-shaped capsule bearing narrow apical invagination, stem sinuate half-looped posteriorly (Fig. 83).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
One specimen was found in coyote dung on the margin of a vernal pond in a jack pine forest and another from moss along a small shaded spring-fed brook in a boreal (spruce–fir) forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
Comments.
Atheta alphacrenuliventris is very similar externally and genitalically to Atheta crenuliventris Bernhauer and Atheta pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski. It may be distinguished from those two species by the absence of a crenulated apical margin on male tergite VIII (Fig. 79) and its differently shaped spermatheca (Fig. 83), and from Atheta crenuliventris, it differs by having the tubus of the median lobe of the aedeagus broader in lateral view (Fig. 78). Externally, its elytra are more reddish brown than those of Atheta crenuliventris, which are dark brown, and Atheta pseudocrenuliventris, which are light brown. The most reliable characters for distinguishing it from the other two species are genital characters (shape of the apical margin of male tergite VIII, shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view, and shape of the spermatheca). (See Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Figs 112, 285a–c, 412 for characters for comparison of Atheta pseudocrenuliventris with Atheta alphacrenuliventris).
Figures 112–119.
Atheta (Dimetrota) giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 112 habitus in dorsal view 113 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 114 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 115 male tergite VIII 116 male sternite VIII 117 female tergite VIII 118 female sternite VIII 119 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Figures 279–286.
Strigota obscurata Klimaszewski & Brunke: 279 habitus in dorsal view 280 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 281 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 282 male tergite VIII 283 male sternite VIII 284 female tergite VIII 285 female sternite VIII 286 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Figures 408–414.
Blepharhymenus brendeli (Casey): 408 habitus in dorsal view 409 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 410 male tergite VIII 411 male sternite VIII 412 female tergite VIII 413 female sternite VIII 414 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Atheta (Dimetrota) bubo
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/52F0D9B5-F397-46CB-8525-83978718B639
Figures 84–87.
Atheta (Dimetrota) bubo Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 84 habitus in dorsal view 85 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 86 male tergite VIII 87 male sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Sackville, near Ogden Mill, 45.92155°N, 64.38925°W, 12.V,2006, Scott Makepeace, coll. // black spruce forest, in nest contents of Great Horned Owl – Bubo virginiensis (LFC).
Etymology.
The species name bubo is the generic name of Bubo virginensis, the great horned owl, from the nest contents of which the holotype specimen was found, used in apposition.
Description.
Body length 2.8 mm, subparallel, moderately flattened, dark brown with darker head, pronotum, and central part of abdomen, elytra with darker scutellar region, legs yellowish brown (Fig. 84); integument moderately glossy and more so on abdomen, densely punctate and pubescent, except for head and abdomen; meshed microsculpture of forebody dense and strong with hexagonal sculpticells; head narrower than pronotum, angular posteriorly, eyes large and as long as postocular area dorsally; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum broadest in about middle of its length, rounded laterally and basally, slightly transverse, narrower than elytra, posterior shoulders angular; elytra wider and slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen subparallel. Male. Apical margin of tergite VIII with broadly V-shaped apical emargination with small crenulations and two large lateral teeth (Fig. 86); median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large, tubus moderately long, straight with apex slightly produced ventrally in lateral view, apex narrowly triangular and rounded (Fig. 85), internal sac structures pronounced at base of tubus (Fig. 85). Female. Unknown.
Natural history.
This species is known only from a single male found in the nest contents of a great horned owl (Bubo virginensis) in a black spruce forest in May.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Comments.
The body shape of this species is somewhat similar to species of Atheta picipennis species group, but the genitalia are unique in its form and are not close to any species of Dimetrota.
Atheta (Dimetrota) campbelli
(Lohse, 1990)
Figures 88–95.
Atheta (Dimetrota) campbelli (Lohse): 88 habitus in dorsal view 89 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 90 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 91 male tergite VIII 92 male sternite VIII 93 female tergite VIII 94 female sternite VIII 95 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Atheta (Dimetrota) campbelli (For diagnosis, see Lohse et al. 1990, Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2216°N, 67.7231°W, 8.V.2013, 31.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Meadow/hayfield, in dung in entrance to burrow of Marmota monax (5 ♂, 6 ♀, RWC; 1 ♀, NBM). Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., S. Kouchibouguac Campground, 46.8279°N, 64.9397°W, 21.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/Jack pine forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♂, NBM). York Co., Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 25.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/hardwood forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Specimens from NB were found in dung and litter at the entrance of a woodchuck burrow in a meadow, jack pine forest adjacent to a field, and a hardwood forest adjacent to a meadow. In NF, adults were captured in unbaited and carrion-baited pitfall traps in balsam fir forests and in rotting mushrooms in a mixed forest (Klimaszewski et al. 2011). In ON, it was collected in a hedgerow (Brunke et al. 2012). Lohse et al. (1990) reported the species from bear and caribou dung. Adults were collected during May in NB and June to August elsewhere (Klimaszewski et al. 2011, Lohse et al. 1990).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
AK, YT, ON, NB, LB, NF (Lohse et al. 1990; Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Atheta (Dimetrota) chartersensis
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/E9A3C17C-2812-4E60-9A04-4CBE335E8F39
Figures 96–103.
Atheta (Dimetrota) chartersensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 96 habitus in dorsal view 97 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 98 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 99 male tergite VIII 100 male sternite VIII 101 female tergite VIII 102 female sternite VIII 103 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in coyote dung (1 ♂, AFC; 1 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1391°N, 66.3696°W, 16.IX.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying gilled mushroom (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 22.VIII.2006, 27.IV.2006, 5.IX.2006, 14.VI.2008, 20.VI.2008, 27.VIII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in pile of decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (4 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data except 5.IX.2006 (1 ♀, NBM); same data except 5.VIII.2006, 22.VIII.2006, 6.IX.2006 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data except 27.IX.2005, 20.VIII.2006, 5.IX.2006 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, LFC).
Etymology.
This species is named after Charters Settlement, the locality where the holotype and most of the paratypes were collected.
Description.
Body length 3.4–3.5 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for apical part black, elytra, legs, and antennae brown or light brown (Fig. 96); forebody with minute and sparse punctation, moderately glossy; head slightly narrower than pronotum, angular posteriorly, with small eyes, antennae with articles V–X strongly transverse and progressively more so toward apex; pronotum transverse, as broad as elytra and only slightly wider than head, pubescence directed outward laterally from midline of disk; elytra with pubescence directed posteriad; abdomen at middle as broad as elytra, broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus short, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 97), and straight and strongly produced ventrally at apex in lateral view (Fig. 98); internal sac with two elongate sclerites in bulbus and complex structures in tubus (Figs 97, 98); tergite VIII bluntly truncate apically with angular lateral edges (Fig. 99); sternite VIII rounded apically and slightly pointed (Fig. 100). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 101); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 102); spermatheca with elongate club-shaped capsule and arcuate stem looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 103).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Most adults were collected from a pile of decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter adjacent to a mixed forest in a residential area. Two individuals were collected from coyote dung in an old jack pine forest; another from a decaying mushroom. Specimens were collected during April, May, June, August, and September.
Comments.
This species belongs to the Modesta group of Atheta (Dimetrota), with three currently known species: Atheta (Dimetrota) modesta (Melsheimer), Atheta (Dimetrota) pseudomodesta Klimaszewski, and the present new species. All three species share similar body characteristics, similar shape of the spermatheca, ventrally strongly produced apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and truncate apical margin of male tergite VIII with angular lateral edges forming more or less distinct teeth. Atheta chartersensis differs from Atheta modesta and Atheta pseudomodesta by narrower body (Fig. 96); elytra dark reddish brown mottled with black, which is slightly contrasting with the color of head and pronotum (elytra is light reddish yellow in the other two species and strongly contrasting with color of head and pronotum); by elytra equal in length to pronotum (elytra is longer than pronotum in the other two species), antennae are dark and II-III basal articles slightly paler and articles VII-X strongly transverse (slightly transverse or subquadrate in the other two species and articles I-III light yellowish red strongly contrasting with remaining dark brown articles), median lobe has narrower apex and internal sac structures are differently shaped (Figs 97, 98) than those in Atheta modesta and Atheta pseudomodesta. For illustrations of Atheta modesta and Atheta pseudomodesta, see Gusarov (2003a) and Klimaszewski et al. (2007), respectively.
Atheta (Dimetrota) cranberriensis
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/CC3E9825-C321-4B35-90F6-240D79B35D5B
Figures 104–111.
Atheta (Dimetrota) cranberriensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 104 habitus in dorsal view 105 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 106 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 107 male tergite VIII 108 male sternite VIII 109 female tergite VIII 110 female sternite VIII 111 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075W, 21–27.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., near Callanders Beach, 46.8072°N, 64.9082°W, 21.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/Jack pine forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 12–21.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 21–27.V.2009 (1 ♀, RWC); Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 14–28.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus macrocarpa (♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 17.V.2010, 8.V.2011, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 19:00 h (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 21.IV.2010 (1 ♀, LFC).
Etymology.
This species is named after Cranberry Lake P.N.A. (Protected Natural Area) where the type specimen and most paratypes were collected.
Description.
Body length 3.2–3.8 mm, moderately narrow, subparallel (Fig. 104); antennae, head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for apical part dark brown, elytra and legs light brown to yellowish brown; forebody with minute and sparse punctation, moderately glossy; head angular posteriorly, with moderately large eyes; antennae with articles V–X slightly transverse and progressively more so toward apex; pronotum angular posterolaterally and rounded anteriorly, transverse, wider than head and narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra with pubescence directed posterolaterad from midline of disk; abdomen at middle as broad as elytra, broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus short, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 105), and straight with rounded apex in lateral view (Fig. 106); internal sac with structures not apparent (Figs 105, 106); tergite VIII truncate apically, slightly emarginate medially bearing some crenulation, with angular lateral edges (Fig. 107); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 108). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin arcuate (Fig. 109); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 110); spermatheca with elongate sac-shaped capsule and sinuate stem narrowly looped posteriorly (Fig. 111).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh. Other individuals were collected with a net between 16:30 and 19:00 h in a mixed forest opening. Four individuals were collected from litter from the entrance of a groundhog burrow. It is possible that this species is associated with ground-nesting mammals, but more sampling from this habitat is required. All specimens were captured in May.
Comments.
This species is externally very similar to Atheta alesi Klimaszewski & Brunke, and has similar body coloration and pubescence pattern with the pubescence appearing soft, but has a much broader and more elongate body (body length 3.2–3.8 mm compared with 2.4–2.6 mm in Atheta alesi (Klimaszewski et al. 2012); has more robust antennae with articles VIII-X less transverse that those in Atheta alesi, has broader (almost as broad as base of elytra) and differently shaped pronotum with strongly angular posterior angles, and elytra less contrasting yellow. The genitalia are superficially similar in the two species, but the apical margin of male tergite VIII in Atheta cranberriensis has a more arcuate emargination (Fig. 107), and that of Atheta alesi has a more angular broadly V-shaped emargination.
Atheta (Dimetrota) giguereae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/562BA62B-ACD7-4447-B334-EBE4BEBBC443
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., near New River, 45.21217°N, 66.61595°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest in moss and leaf litter near stream (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1935°N, 67.6825°W, 19.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in moist moss (1 sex undetermined, LFC; 1 sex undetermined, RWC). Charlotte Co., S of Little Pocologan River, 45.1546°N, 66.6254°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest, in moss & leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC); near New River, 45.21217°N, 66.61595°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest, in moss & leaf litter near stream (1 ♂, RWC); Kent Island, WS, sweeping, 23.VII.2008, Meredith Steck (1 ♀, NSPM); Kent Island, Wet SF, beating, 15.VII.2008, white spruce, Meredith Steck (1 ♂, NSPM); Kent Island, 23.VII.2008, Meredith Steck (1 ♂, 1 ♀, NSPM); Restigouche Co., Little Tobique River near Red Brook, 47.4462°N, 67.0689°W, 24.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moss & leaf litter near brook (1 ♀, RWC); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8331°N, 66.7410°W, 16.IV.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce & cedar forest, in moss & litter near small brook (1 sex undetermined, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8341°N, 66.7445°W, 22.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce & cedar forest, in seepage area in saturated sphagnum & leaf litter (1 sex undetermined, LFC); New Maryland, off Hwy 2, E of Baker Brook, 45.8760°N, 66.6252°W, 6.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth cedar swamp, in moss & leaf litter at base of cedar (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Kingsclear, Mazorolle Settlement, 45.8717°N, 66.8273°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in moss & leaf litter near brook (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC; 1 ♀, LFC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 3–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Pinus strobus (1, AFC); Canterbury, near Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.89508°N, 67.63326°W, 1.VI.2005, M. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. (1 ♀, LFC). Nova Scotia, Guysborough Co., Malay Lake, com. thin. mat. red spruce for., FIT, 2–15.VI.1997, DeLancey J. Bishop (1 ♂, NSPM); Malay Lake, red spruce (thin), 2–15.VI.1997, D.J. Bishop, 278, 688 (2 ♀, NSPM). Halifax Co., Pockwock Lake, 2–25.VI.1997, DeLancy J. Bishop, pre-com. thin. red spruce for., FIT (1 ♀, NSPM); Halifax, Sandy Lake, Red Spruce (>120), 15–30.VI.1997, D.J. Bishop 827 (1 sex undetermined, NSPM); Halifax, Abraham’s Lake, red spruce (old), 14.V-2.VI.1997, D.J. Bishop 92 (2 ♀, NSPM); Margaret Bay, Big. St., red spruce (m), 29.VII-13.VII.1997, D.J. Bishop (1 ♂, NSPM); Soldier Lake, 13.VI.2005, SB Trap, J. Gordon (1 ♀, NSPM). Hants Co., Leminster, mat. Red spr./hemlock forest FIT, 2–15.VI.1997, DeLancey J. Bishop (1 ♀, NSPM); Panuke Lake, red spruce (45), 15–30.VI.1997, D.J. Bishop, 795 (1 ♀, NSPM); Little Armstrong Lake, red spruce (75), 14.V-2.VI.1997, D.J. Bishop 222 (1 ♀, NSPM); Armstrong Lake, 75 yr fire origin red spruce FIT, 14.V-2.VI.1997, DeLancey J. Bishop (1 ♂, NSPM). Lunenburg Co., Card Lake, red spruce/hemlock, 29.VII-13.VIII.1997, D. J. Bishop 1802 (1 ♀, NSPM). Ontario, Northumberland Co., Peters Woods Nat. Res., 44°7'27"N, 78°2'21"W, forest, Lindgren funnel, 12–26, VII.2011, Brunke and Paiero, debu01147325 (1 ♀, LFC).
Etymology.
This species is dedicated to Marie-Andrée Giguère, wife of Reginald Webster, who has accompanied and assisted him on many collecting trips over the years and whose support made many of the new discoveries in New Brunswick possible.
Description.
Body length 2.7 mm, narrowly elongate; head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen dark brown, legs and antennae light brown (Fig. 112); integument strongly glossy; forebody with minute and sparse punctation, and sparse pubescence; head rounded posteriorly, with moderately large eyes; antennae with articles V–X slightly transverse and progressively more transverse toward apex; pronotum rounded anteriorly and posterolaterally, transverse, wider than head and narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and some with wavy pattern near posterior suture; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus narrowly oval, tubus broad, short, and rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 113), and produced ventrally and with apical part triangular in lateral view (Fig. 114); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 113, 114); tergite VIII truncate apically and broadly arcuate (Fig. 115); sternite VIII almost evenly rounded apically (Fig. 116). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin arcuate (Fig. 117); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 118); spermatheca with broad pitcher-shaped capsule with large apical invagination and sinuate stem narrowly looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 119).
Distribution.
Known from ON, NB, and NS, Canada.
Natural history.
In NB, Atheta giguereae was found in mature and old-growth eastern white cedar swamps, a mixed forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and an old white pine stand. Adults were sifted from moss and leaf litter near streams and brooks and from moist moss in these forests. A few individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Specimens from NS were captured in flight intercept traps in red spruce and red spruce–hemlock forests. Adults were collected from April to mid-August.
Comments.
We tentatively affiliated this species with the subgenus Dimetrota. The median lobe of the aedeagus of Atheta giguereae resembles that of Atheta terranovae Klimaszewski & Langor, in general morphology but the spermatheca is of a different type than any of the described Nearctic species.
Atheta (Dimetrota) makepeacei
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/2E754A90-9AB1-405C-81F9-3E6A8837EFB5
Figures 120–127.
Atheta (Dimetrota) makepeacei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 120 habitus in dorsal view 121 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 122 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 123 male tergite VIII 124 male sternite VIII 125 female tergite VIII 126 female sternite VIII 127 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Hay Settlement, 46.0339°N, 67.5797°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // nest box contents of Barred Owl (1 litre), moist smelly (urine smell) organic material (mostly wood chips), with small bones and insect parts (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Hay Settlement, 46.0339°N, 67.5797°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // nest box contents of Barred Owl (1 litre), moist smelly (urine smell) organic material (mostly wood chips), with small bones and insect parts (1 ♀, LFC); Benton, 45.99611°N, 67.58640°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // Nest contents of Barred Owl, young chicks present, moist smelly organic material and regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, & small bones (1 ♀, RWC); Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7230°W, 7.VIII.2009, R.P. Webster // Rich Appalachian Hardwood Forest, on gilled mushroom (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Rees, near Grand Lake, 46.00164°N, 65.94656°W, 29.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // Nest contents of Barred Owl, moist smelly organic material and regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, & small bones (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
This species is named in honor of Scott Makepeace who collected the contents from barred owl (Strix varia Barton) nests that contained most specimens of this species.
Description.
Body length 2.7 mm, moderately narrowly elongate; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for basal part black, antennae, legs brown, and elytra brown mottled with black (Fig. 120); integument moderately glossy; forebody with minute and moderately dense punctation and pubescence; head rounded posteriorly, with moderately large eyes, antenna with articles V–X slightly transverse and progressively more so toward apex; pronotum rounded anteriorly and posterolaterally, transverse, wider than head and narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and some with wavy pattern near suture; abdomen at base almost as broad as elytra, broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus long, narrowly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 121), and produced ventrally, with apical part enlarged and narrowly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 122); internal sac with elongate structures (Figs 121, 122); tergite VIII with two apico-lateral teeth and sinuate apical margin (Fig. 123); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 124). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin broadly arcuate (Fig. 125); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 126); spermatheca with broad and elongate club-shaped capsule bearing large apical invagination and with sinuate stem narrowly looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 127).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Four of the adults were collected from the nest contents of barred owls (which nest in tree holes) that consisted of moist smelly organic material with regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, and small bones. Another specimen was found in a gilled mushroom. It is possible that this species is associated with birds and other species that nest in tree holes. This species was found in old hardwood forests during May and August.
Comments.
The aedeagus of Atheta makepeacei is unique for the triangular apical part of the tubus and the narrow apex in lateral view (Fig. 122); the shape of the spermatheca is also different from the remaining Nearctic Atheta species known to us. We have tentatively affiliated this species with the subgenus Dimetrota based on external body characteristics.
Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/CCB32217-89A7-47AD-BB6A-191934EADADC
Figures 128–132.
Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 128 habitus in dorsal view 129 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 130 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 131 male tergite VIII 132 male sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotting gilled mushroom (LFC). Paratype. New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotting gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
Named for Dr. Donald McAlpine, Curator and Head, Zoology Section of the New Brunswick Museum in recognition of his work studying and promoting research on the invertebrate and vertebrate fauna of NB.
Description.
Body length 2.9–3.0 mm, broadest at elytra; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown mottled with dark brown, legs, bases of antennae, and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig. 128); integument moderately glossy with meshed microsculpture; forebody with fine and sparse punctation and pubescence except denser on elytra; head rounded and arcuate posterolaterally, with large eyes, each about as long as postocular area; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to strongly transverse; pronotum transverse, rounded on sides, slightly wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteriorly; abdomen gradually narrowed posteriad, narrower than elytra and arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, narrowly oval, streamlined, tubus broad, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 129), and slightly produced ventrally at apex, with apical part narrowly elongate in lateral view, venter approximately straight (Fig. 130); internal sac with distinct complex structures (Figs 129, 130); tergite VIII emarginate apically with sinuate margin and with two angular lateral processes (Fig. 131); sternite VIII elongate and rounded apically (Fig. 132). Female. Unknown.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Specimens were collected from rotting gilled mushrooms in a jack pine forest.
Comments.
This species bears some general resemblance to Atheta remulsa Casey from which it differs by less transverse antennal articles VII-X, darker elytra (Fig. 128), differently shaped median lobe of aedeagus with tubus straight and apex not strongly oriented ventrally (Fig. 130). For illustrations of Atheta remulsa, see Klimaszewski et al. (2011).
Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/45AFE2E2-EE52-441B-B395-E5BA0F6044D2
Figures 133–140.
Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 133 habitus in dorsal view 134 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 135 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 136 male tergite VIII 137 male sternite VIII 138 female tergite VIII 139 female sternite VIII 140 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Petit Cap, 46.1879°N, 64.1503°W, 17.VI.2014, M.-A. Giguère & R.P. Webster, coll. // sandy sea beach, under sea wrack and grass debris (LFC). Paratypes: Same data as the holotype (1 ♀, LFC; 3 ♀, RWC); same data except: 19.VI.2012, R.P. Webster & D. Sabine, coll. // sandy barrier sea beach, sifting drift material, mostly dried/decaying sea wrack (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC)
Etymology.
Named after the village of Petit Cap where the holotype and paratypes were collected.
Description.
Body length 2.7–2.9 mm, [narrow], narrowly elongate, broadest at elytra, dark brown to nearly black, with legs and last article of maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig. 133); integument moderately glossy with strong meshed microsculpture; forebody with fine and dense punctation and pubescence; head elongate, rounded posterolaterally, with moderately large eyes, each about as long as postocular area; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to moderately transverse; pronotum transverse, broadest at middle, arcuate on sides, slightly wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad and apicad, forming arcuate lines from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteriorly; abdomen subparallel. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus narrowly oval, with apical processes angular, tubus narrowly elongate, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 134), and slightly produced ventrally at apex, with apical part narrow and triangular in lateral view, venter broadly arcuate (Fig. 135); internal sac with two pairs of strongly sclerotized structures (Figs 134, 135); tergite VIII truncate apically and with two larger lateral teeth and several small ones between (Fig. 136); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 137). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 138); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 139); spermatheca with capsule small, club shaped, and with narrow and moderately deep apical invagination, stem thin and irregularly twisted posteriorly (Fig. 140).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural History. Adults of this species were found under sea wrack and grass debris on a sea beach in the upper intertidal zone.
Comments.
This species is superficially similar externally to species of the genus Psammostiba Yosii and Sawada, but has differently shaped mouth parts and genitalia. We include this species in the subgenus Dimetrota on the basis of body pubescence pattern, forebody punctation, and the type of genitalia.
Atheta (Dimetrota) sphagnicola
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/22C94495-44A0-40BD-8F4E-E6CFC415B283
Figures 141–145.
Atheta (Dimetrota) sphagnicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 141 habitus in dorsal view 142 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 143 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 144 male tergite VIII 145 male sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8267°N, 66.7343°W, 16.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh in Sphagnum hummocks (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Upper Gagetown, bog adjacent to Hwy 2, 45.8316°N, 66.2346°W, 12.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Tamarack bog, in sphagnum hummocks & litter at bog margin (1 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 15.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum & litter in depression with Carex (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
The specific name, sphagnicola, meaning “living on Sphagnum”, is in reference to the Sphagnum hummocks where the holotype was collected.
Description.
Body length 3.4 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to almost black, elytra yellowish reddish brown with base and scutellar area darker (Fig. 141); integument strongly glossy with strong meshed microsculpture; forebody with fine and moderately dense punctation and pubescence; head rounded and arcuate posterolaterally, with eyes moderately large, about as long as postocular area; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to moderately transverse; pronotum transverse, rounded on sides, distinctly wider than head and narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, truncate apically, with pubescence directed posterolaterad; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra and arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately narrowly oval, with rounded projections apicolaterally (Fig. 142), tubus with apical part narrowly triangular and sinuate in lateral view, venter arcuate (Fig. 143); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 142, 143); tergite VIII shallowly emarginate apically, with two small lateral teeth (Fig. 144); sternite VIII elongate and rounded apically (Fig. 145). Female. Unknown.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
The three known individuals of this species were collected from sphagnum in a Carex marsh, a calcareous fen, and a tamarack bog. Adults were collected during April and May.
Comments.
This species is very distinct in its genital structures. It is superficially similar to Atheta (Dimetrota) venti (Lohse) in terms of having a broad tubus of the median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view. For illustration of Atheta (Dimetrota) venti see Lohse et al. (1990).
Atheta (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/BD630974-44D6-451E-8D1C-ACC6222858BA
Figures 146–153.
Atheta (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 146 habitus in dorsal view 147 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 148 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 149 male tergite VIII 150 male sternite VIII 151 female tergite VIII 152 female sternite VIII 153 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Kingsclear Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Stream margin in grass litter on muddy soil (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, British Columbia, Monashee Mtn., near Cherryville, 1400–1600 m, 10.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); New Denver, 13.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); 15 km E New Denver, Zincton Summit, 13.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); New Brunswick, Albert Co., Mary’s Point, 21.VIII.2003, salt marsh, C.G. Majka (1 ♀, LFC); Shepody N.W.A., Germantown Section, 45.7056°N, 64.7642°W, 17.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Cattail/sedge marsh, in marsh litter (1 ♀, NBM). Carleton Co., Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1935°N, 67.6825W, 19.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in moist leaves (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same locality but, 46.1931°N, 67.6825W, 31.V.2005, M.-A. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. // Upper river margin, under drift material (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC); same locality but 46.1888°N, 67.6762°W, 20.V.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in flood debris (1 ♂, LFC); same locality but, 46.1944°N, 67.6832°W, 2.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, under cobblestones in sand / gravel among scattered grasses (1 ♂, RWC); Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest Preserve”, 46.21456°N, 67.72056°W, 12.IV.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Upper river margin, in drift material in area without snow, adults very active (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, NBM); same locality but, 46.2142°N, 67.7190°W, 1.VI.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Upper river margin, collected while [they were] in flight between 16:00 & 18:00 h (2 ♀, CNC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC). Queens Co., Grand Lake near Scotchtown, 45.8762°N, 66.1817°W, 25.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Silver maple swamp near lake margin, margin of vernal pond in moist leaves (2 ♀, NBM; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 17.VI.2013 (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 5.VI.2004 // Lake margin, under drift material (1 ♂, LFC); same data but oak & maple forest, under bark of oak (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC); Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 25.V-12.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap, 1 m high under Quercus macrocarpa (1 ♂, RWC); C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 17.VI-3.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus rubra (1 ♂, AFC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8200°N, 66.0015°W, 13.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Under alders in leaf litter & moss near small brook in Carex marsh (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9816°N, 66.3374°W, 18.VII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 Regenerating Forest, 8.5-year-old regenerating mixed forest, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1 ♂, RWC); Burton, near Sunpoke Lake, 45.7658°N, 66.5546°W, 3.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // red oak forest near flooded marsh, in leaf litter (2 ♀, RWC); same locality as previous but 45.7665°N, 66.5545°W, 15.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old maple forest, in leaf litter (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♀, LFC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8267°N, 66.7343°W, 16.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh, in litter & sphagnum at base of tree (1 ♂, CNC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6860°N, 66.8668°W, 6.V.2008, R.P., Webster, coll. // Carex marsh, in litter (rotten wood & debris) at base of dead red maple (1 ♀, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Carex marsh adjacent to slow [flowing] stream in Carex hummock (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC); same data but 22.V.2008 (1 ♀, NBM); Fredericton, Nashwaaksis River at Rt. 105, 45.9850°N, 66.6900°W, 6.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in flood debris on upper river margin (1 ♂, LFC); Kingsclear, Mazorolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // stream margin, in grass litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, LFC). USA, Alaska, -16 miles E Willow, 7.VIII.1988, leg. R. Baranowski, evening sweeping, gravel pit (1 ♂, 2 ♀, LUC). Non-type material: USA, Alaska, 8–16 miles E Willow, 7.VIII.1988, leg. R. Baranowski, evening sweeping gravel pit (LUC)
Etymology.
The specific name, pseudoschistoglossa, is an adjective derived from the generic name Schistoglossa, with the prefix pseudo added, reflecting the superficial similarities of this species to the members of the latter genus.
Description.
Body length 2.9 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, elytra rust brown mottled with black, legs and antennae light brown (Fig. 146); integument strongly glossy; forebody with minute and sparse punctation and sparse pubescence; head rounded and slightly angular posterolaterally, with moderately large eyes, shorter than postocular area in dorsal view; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum rounded anterolaterally and posterolaterally, slightly transverse, insignificantly wider than head and slightly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse, flattened, with pubescence directed posterolaterad; abdomen subparallel medially, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately broad, narrowly oval, tubus narrow subparallel, becoming triangular apically in dorsal view (Fig. 147), and strongly produced ventrally and with apical part narrowly elongate in lateral view (Fig. 148); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 147, 148); tergite VIII with apical margin truncate medially and broadly arcuate laterally (Fig. 149); sternite VIII strongly elongate and rounded apically (Fig. 150). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin truncate (Fig. 151); sternite VIII evenly broadly rounded apically (Fig. 152); spermatheca with narrow sac-shaped capsule with weak apical indentation and sinuate stem narrowly hooked posteriorly (Fig. 153).
Distribution.
Known from AK, BC, and NB, most likely transcontinental in northern Canada.
Natural history.
Most adults of Atheta pseudoschistoglossa were found in or near wetland habitats. These included among cobblestones, drift material, and flood debris along river margins, moist leaves along vernal pond margin in a silver maple swamp, in leaf litter and moss along brook margins in alder swamps, and in litter at base of red maple, in Carex hummock in Carex marshes, in leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, in a salt marsh, in marsh litter in a Carex–sedge marsh, and in litter and sphagnum at the base of a tree in a marsh. A few adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh and in an old mixed forest. Adults were collected from mid-April to August.
Comments.
The subgeneric position of this species is unsettled. It bears a superficial resemblance to members of the genus Schistoglossa but does not have the apical parts of the mandibles split. It does not belong to Boreophilia because of the very narrow body and different type of aedeagus and spermatheca. In Boreophilia, the median lobe of aedeagus is broad with the bulbus enlarged and broadly connected to tubus in dorsal view, the venter of tubus is approximately straight in lateral view, and the spermatheca is differently shaped (for illustrations of genitalia of Canadian Borephilia see Lohse et al. 1990). It is also similar to Philhygra but it has a large spermatheca similar in shape to those of Schistoglossa, whereas Philhygra have spermathecae that are minute, scarcely visible, and difficult to find. One specimen from AK agrees in all aspects of morphology with those from NB but is distinctly larger and therefore it is listed as a non-paratype.
Atheta (sensu lato) thujae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/48A53E40-4216-49F5-9BBF-A5AFA9F251AA
Figures 154–160.
Atheta (sensu lato) thujae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 154 habitus in dorsal view 155 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 156 male tergite VIII 157 male sternite VIII 158 female tergite VIII 159 female sternite VIII 160 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110 N, 66.6170°W, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // old growth Eastern White Cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 12–19.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110 N, 66.6170°W, 30.IV-17.V.2010, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // old growth Eastern White Cedar forest, Lindgren funnel traps (4 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.V.2008, R.P. Webster coll. // mixed forest, in decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks (1 ♀, LFC).
Etymology.
The specific name, thujae, is an adjective derived from the generic name Thuja, in reference to the dominant tree species, Thuja occidentalis L., where the holotype and most paratypes were collected.
Description.
Body length 2.9–3.0 mm, narrowly subparallel; head, posterior part of abdomen, impressions of abdominal tergites, and medioapical parts of antennae dark brown, with remainder of body yellowish (Fig. 154); integument moderately glossy except strongly so on abdomen, with distinct meshed microsculpture; head slightly narrower than pronotum, elongate, gradually narrowed basally from posterior margin of eyes, eyes small, postocular area long and at least twice as long as diameter of eye; antennae with article V subquadrate and VI–X moderately to strongly transverse; pronotum slightly narrower than elytra, approximately rectangular, with sharp lateral margin, pubescence directed obliquely laterad from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse with pubescence directed posteriad; abdomen subparallel with deep basal impression on first three visible tergites. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus short, triangular in dorsal view, short and straight in lateral view (Fig. 155); internal sac structures not apparent; tergite VIII with apex truncate, bearing traces of crenulation (Fig. 156); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 157). Female. Tergite and sternite VIII arcuate apically (Figs 158, 159); spermatheca small with spherical capsule and short sinuate stem (Fig. 160).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, and from decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks in a mixed forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
Comments.
This species is unique in the shape of its genitalic features, and there are no closely related species as far as we know.
Atheta (Pseudota) klagesi
Bernhauer, 1909
Figures 161–169.
Atheta (Pseudota) klagesi Bernhauer: 161 habitus in dorsal view 162 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 163 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 164 enlarged apical part of tubus in lateral view 165 male tergite VIII 166 male sternite VIII 167 female tergite VIII 168 female sternite VIII 169 spermatheca 162–166 based on lectotype. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Atheta (Pseudota) klagesi (For diagnosis, see Bernhauer 1909, Gusarov 2003)
Lectotype (male).
USA, Maine, Frost, 1654; 153; klagesi Brh., Cotypus; Fenyes; Chicago NHMus, M. Bernhauer Collection; FMNH 281916; Lectotype teste D.J. Clarke 2014, GDI Imaging Project; V.I. Gusarov paralectotype designation label 2000; designated by Gusarov 2003 (FMNH). Paralectotypes: Data same as for holotype (FMNH) 1 female; USA, Pennsylvania, Jeannette, H.G. Klages; klagesi Bernhauer, Typus, Fenyes; Chicago NHMus., M. Bernhauer Collection; lectotype designation label by V.I. Gusarov 2000 designated by Gusarov 2003 (FMNH).
Diagnosis.
Atheta klagesi is very similar to the next species, Atheta pseudoklagesi, and may be distinguished from it by the following combination of characters: body slightly smaller in size and more glossy, yellowish areas on elytra more intense, coloration of legs, bases of antennae and maxillary palps more intense yellowish, and overall body color more contrasting (Fig. 161); median lobe of aedeagus with tubus shorter, apex more arcuate and with slightly different shape (Figs 162–164); spermatheca very similarly shaped; females may be difficult to identify unless collected with males.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
Currently recorded from YT, BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB and NF (Bousquet et al. 2013), but some of these may prove to be undetected specimens of Atheta pseudoklagesi.
Atheta (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/7B5EE640-B0DF-49FA-B1B4-3FFB9D116FCD
Figures 170–177.
Atheta (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 170 habitus in dorsal view 171 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 172 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 173 male tergite VIII 174 male sternite VIII 175 female tergite VIII 176 female sternite VIII 177 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 11.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, in coral fungi on Populus log (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 23.VIII.2011, R.P. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying gilled mushroom (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same locality as previous but 31.V-15.VI.2011, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, flight intercept traps (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); off Bellone Road, 47.7755°N, 68.2501°W, 24.VIII.2011, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon // Old spruce & fir forest, mossy forest floor, in gilled mushrooms of various stages of decay (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 3.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 ♂, RWC); 8.4 km W of Tracy, off Rt 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster coll. // wet alder swamp, in fleshy polypore fungi base of dead standing Populus sp. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC).
Etymology.
The name of this species derives from the species name klagesi and the prefix pseudo-, false, in allusion to its similarity to that species.
Description.
Body length 2.6–2.8 mm, narrowly oval; head, pronotum, and posterior part of abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra dark brown with two oblique yellowish-brown bands, each ranging from shoulder to lower elytral suture; legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palpi, and often basal part of abdomen yellowish brown (Fig. 170); integument strongly glossy with meshed microsculpture; forebody with punctation and pubescence minute and dense, less so on head; head rounded posterolaterally, with moderately large eyes, each about as long as postorbital area; antennae with articles V–X subquadrate to strongly transverse; pronotum arcuate laterally, broadest just anterior of middle of its length, slightly transverse, distinctly wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra strongly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately broad, narrowly oval, tubus narrowly elongate, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 171), and long, straight for most of its length, with apical part strongly produced ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 172); internal sac with weak structures (Figs 171, 172); tergite VIII with apical margin truncate and serrate (Fig. 173); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 174). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin truncate (Fig. 175); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 176); spermatheca with narrow bulbus capsule and deep apical indentation, stem long, narrow, and coiled posteriorly (Fig. 177).
This is a sibling species of Atheta klagesi and was confused with the latter in collections. It may be distinguished from Atheta klagesi by the following combination of characters: size slightly larger, body less glossy, legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palps and bands on elytra less intensely yellowish in coloration, body color less contrasting overall; median lobe of aedeagus with tubus longer, with apex shaped slightly differently in lateral view; spermatheca very similarly shaped in the two species, and females may be difficult to identify without accompanying males.
Distribution.
Currently known only from NB, Canada, but because of confusion with Atheta klagesi, this species will undoubtedly prove to be more widespread.
Natural history.
Adults of this species were found in mature mixed forest, old-growth and old white spruce and balsam fir forests, a mature red spruce forest, and in a wet alder swamp. Specimens were collected from coral fungi on a Populus log, fleshy polypore fungi at base of a dead standing Populus, in decaying gilled mushrooms, in gilled mushrooms, and under bark of red spruce. Adults were collected from May to September.
Comments.
In the past, the two sibling species were mixed together and identified as Atheta klagesi. All material across Canada needs to be reexamined to understand the true distribution of the two species. In this paper, only NB specimens were reevaluated.
Dinaraea curtipenis
Klimaszewski & Webster, 2013
Figures 178–184.
Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster: 178 habitus in dorsal view 179 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 180 male tergite VIII 181 male sternite VIII 182 female tergite VIII 183 female sternite VIII 184 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Dinaraea curtipenis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2013b)
Material examined.
Additional New Brunswick record. Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
Comments.
Several females originally thought to possibly be Dinaraea curtipenis (Klimaszewski et al. 2013b) were later determined to be Dinaraea subdepressa (Bernhauer). However, we found another specimen from NB that proved to be a female of Dinaraea curtipenis. All external characters agree with those of the males. Here, we illustrate the female spermatheca, tergite, and sternite VIII for the first time (Figs 182–184).
Dinaraea longipenis
Klimaszewski & Webster, 2013
Figures 185–191.
Dinaraea longipenis Klimaszewski & Webster: 185 habitus in dorsal view 186 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 187 male tergite VIII 188 male sternite VIII 189 female tergite VIII 190 female sternite VIII 191 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Dinaraea longipenis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2013b)
Material examined.
Additional New Brunswick records. York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 26.IV-10.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Canterbury, Eel River P.N.A., 45.8966°N, 66.6345°W, 2–20.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp & fen, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
Comments.
A female externally very similar to males of Dinaraea longipenis was mentioned by Klimaszewski et al. (2013b) but was not included in the type series or description because of close similarity to specimens of Dinaraea piceana Klimaszewski & Jacobs. During 2014, we collected another female that is identical to the one mentioned above. After comparison with Dinaraea piceana, we concluded that these females are Dinaraea longipenis. Dinaraea piceana differs externally from Dinaraea longipenis in possessing stronger microsculpture on the pronotum and elytra (appears matte), with brighter coloration. Here, we illustrate the female spermatheca, tergite, and sternite VIII of Dinaraea longipenis for the first time (Figs 189–191).
Dinaraea subdepressa
(Bernhauer, 1907)
Figures 192–198.
Dinaraea subdepressa (Bernhauer): 192 habitus in dorsal view 193 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 194 male tergite VIII 195 male sternite VIII 196 female tergite VIII 197 female sternite VIII 198 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Dinaraea subdepressa (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2013b)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110°N, 66.6170°W, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 11–26.VI.2013, 27.VIII-4.IX.2013, 27.V-11.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old jack pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂ 1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.VII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 3–13.V.2011, 7–22.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♀, LFC, 2 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 29.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (2 ♂, RWC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 4–16.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 22.V-4.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap, 1 m high under trees (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
All specimens of Dinaraea subdepressa from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the following forest types: an old jack pine forest, a red pine forest, an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, an old black spruce forest, mixed forests, a red oak forest, and an old balsam poplar forest near a river. Little is known about the biology and microhabitat requirements of this species. Other members of the genus live in subcortical habitats and may play a role as natural enemies of bark beetles and other subcortical insects (Klimaszewski et al. 2013b). This species presumably has a similar biology.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (New Canadian record).
Comments.
Dinarea subdepressa (Bernhauer) was previously known only from NH in the USA (Bernhauer 1907). Females were previously unknown and are illustrated for the first time in this publication (Figs 196–198). This species is externally very similar to Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster but differs in having the posterolateral angles of the pronotum very sharp, with the margin strongly depressed from the angle to the middle of the base, forming a groove (Fig. 192). In Dinaraea curtipenis, the posterior angle is rounded and the margin is not strongly depressed (Fig. 178).
Paragoniusa myrmicae
Maruyama & Klimaszewski, 2004
Figures 199–205.
Paragoniusa myrmicae Maruyama & Klimaszewski: 199 habitus in dorsal view 200 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 201 aedeagus in ventral view 202 male tergite VIII 203 female tergite VIII 204 female sternite VIII 205 spermatheca 200–201 modified from Maruyama and Klimaszewski (2006). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Paragoniusa myrmicae (For diagnosis, see Maruyama and Klimaszewski 2004, 2006)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., ca. 3 km SE of Simpsons Field, 47.5277°N, 66.5142°W, 25.VI-10.VII.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old cedar & spruce forest with Populus balsamifera & Populus tremuloides, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Females of this myrmecophilous species were collected from nests of Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler, the only known host ant species (Maruyama and Klimaszewski 2004, 2006). Additional specimens were collected from window traps and a pitfall trap in a burned forest (Maruyama and Klimaszewski 2006, Klimaszewski et al. 2011). The specimen from NB was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old cedar and spruce forest with Populus balsamifera & Populus tremuloides.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
BC, AB, QC, NB, LB (Bousquet et al. 2013).
Philhygra atypicalis
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/D62A01FC-8C9C-4F10-94A4-A625E780DA3C
Figures 206–218.
Philhygra atypicalis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 206 habitus in dorsal view 207 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 208 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 209 male tergite VIII 210 male sternite VIII 211 female tergite VIII 212 female sternite VIII 213 spermatheca 214, 215, mandibles 216 maxilla 217 mentum and labium 218 labrum. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 16.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, in decaying mushroom (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 21.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotten Boletus mushroom (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 27.VIII.2013 // In rotten gilled mushroom (1 ♂, 2 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 31.VII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, in decaying mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 16.VIII.2013 (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 28.VIII.2013 (1 ♂, LFC; 2 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
Atypicalis is a Latin adjective meaning not typical, in reference to the atypical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus of this species, for Philhygra.
Description.
Body length 3.2 mm, narrow, subparallel, antennae, head, pronotum, and posterior abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra rust brown, latter mottled with black (Fig. 206); integument moderately glossy; forebody with minute and dense punctation and dense pubescence; head rounded and slightly angular posterolaterally, eyes large, mouthparts as illustrated (Figs 214–218); antennae with articles 5–10 subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum transverse, slightly wider than head and about as wide as elytra, with all angles moderately narrowly rounded, pubescence directed obliquely posteriad from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus narrowly oval, tubus moderately wide, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 207), sinuate ventrally with apical part narrowly elongate in lateral view (Fig. 208); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 207, 208); tergite VIII deeply and broadly emarginate apically (Fig. 209); sternite VIII with apical margin strongly produced to narrowly truncate apex (Fig. 210). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin shallowly emarginate in middle one-third (Fig. 211); sternite VIII slightly produced and obtusely angulate apically (Fig. 212); spermatheca with short sac-shaped capsule without apical invagination and with short and narrow stem (Fig. 213).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Adults of Philhygra atypicalis were collected from rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest and from decaying mushrooms in an old mixed forest with Quercus rubra. Specimens were collected during July and August.
Comments.
Philhygra atypicalis externally agrees with all characteristics of the genus Philhygra but does not have the typical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs 207, 208). In typical forms, the median lobe has an unusually enlarged tubus of complex forms. Interestingly, all specimens of this species were found among decaying mushrooms, an atypical habitat for Philhygra, which are typically associated with wetland and riparian habitats.
Philhygra hygrotopora
(Kraatz, 1856)
Figures 219–225.
Philhygra hygrotopora (Kraatz): 219 habitus in dorsal view 220 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 221 male tergite VIII 222 male sternite VIII 223 female tergite VIII 224 female sternite VIII 225 female pygidium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Philhygra hygrotopora (For description, see Strand and Vik 1964)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2257°N, 67.7437°W, 12.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin near waterfall, splashing moss near splash zone of waterfall (1 ♂, RWC); Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1897°N, 67.6761°W, 31.VII.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian Hardwood Forest, in gravel on margin of shaded spring-fed brook near small waterfall (1 ♂, RWC). Madawaska Co., Gagné Brook at First Lake, 47.6077°N, 68.2534°W, 23.VI.2010, M. Turgeon & R. Webster // northern hardwood forest, shaded brook, among gravel on gravel bar, splashing and turning gravel (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8010°N, 66.0968°W, 14.VIII.2010, R.P. Webster // Cold shaded brook, in gravel (1 ♀, RWC). Saint John Co., Saint John, Taylor’s Island, 45.2238°N, 66.1265°W, 24.VIII.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Sea beach, under decaying seaweed (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC).
Diagnosis.
Body length 3.4 mm, narrow, subparallel; antennae, head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra yellowish brown (Fig. 219); integument not glossy; forebody with minute and dense punctation and dense pubescence; head rounded posterolaterally, with large eyes; antennae with articles V–X slightly elongate to subquadrate; pronotum transverse, slightly wider than head and slightly narrower than elytra, rounded anteriorly, with slight indentations posterolaterally, making the hind angles appear more angular, pubescence directed laterad on arcuate lines from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad in waves; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus large, oval, tubus narrow, long and sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 220); internal sac with complex structures (Fig. 220); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 221); sternite VIII parabolic (Fig. 222). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin shallowly emarginate medially (Fig. 223); sternite VIII slightly produced apically (Fig. 224); spermatheca very small and not illustrated; pygidium as in Fig. 225.
Natural history.
In NB, Philhygra hygrotopora were found by splashing moss near the splash zone of a waterfall, in gravel on the margin of a shaded spring-fed brook near a waterfall, among gravel on a gravel bar along a shaded brook in a northern hardwood forest, and in gravel along a cold shaded brook. A few individuals were found under decaying seaweed on a sea beach. Adults were collected during June, July, August, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (New North American record). This is the first record of this species in North America.
Comments.
It is unclear if this is an adventive species in North America or a Holarctic one. The habitats that this species was found in are rarely sampled in North America and are not typical for adventive species.
Philhygra larsoni
Klimaszewski & Langor, 2011
Figures 226–233.
Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski & Langor: 226 habitus in dorsal view 227 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 228 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 229 male tergite VIII 230 male sternite VIII 231 female tergite VIII 232 female sternite VIII 233 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Philhygra larsoni (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7985°N, 64.7755°W, 18.VIII.2012, R.P. Webster // Crooked Creek near Caledonia Brook, splashing sun-exposed moss covered rocks (1 ♂, NBM). Charlotte Co., near New River, 45.21176°N, 66.61790°W, 7.VII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, margin of small pond, treading Carex hummock into water (1 ♂, NBM). Kings Co., Rt. 102 near Mill Brook, 45.5993°N, 66.0583°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest, in leaf litter near brook (1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., Cambridge, W of Jemseg at “Trout Creek” 45.8227°N, 66.1240°W, 9.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Silver maple swamp, sifting litter at base of large tree (2 ♂, NBM); same locality but 45.8255°N, 66.1174°W, 1.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Seasonally flooded marsh, treading vegetation near pond margin (1 ♂, RWC); Canning, Grand Lake near Scotchtown, 45.8762°N, 66.1816°W, 12.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Lake shore, under drift material (2 ♂, RWC); Bayard near Nerepis River, 45.4442°N, 66.3292°W, 25.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Pond margin, in moist grass litter on mud (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, SW of Sunpoke Lake, 45.7575°N, 66.5736°W, 17.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red maple swamp, in leaf litter near margin of slow [flowing] stream (1 ♂, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 9.V.2004, 19.V.2004, 23.VI.2004, 13.VIII.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, small sedge marsh, in moist grass litter (3 ♂, 2 ♀, NBM; 2 ♀, RWC); same locality but, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 10.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, u.v. light (1 ♀, NBM); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Wet alder swamp, in leaf litter & grass on hummock [near vernal pools] (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh adjacent to slow [flowing] stream, in Carex hummock (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
In NB, Philhygra larsoni was found mostly in wetland habitats. Adults were found by splashing sun-exposed moss-covered rocks in a small river, treading Carex hummocks into water along pond margins, treading vegetation near a small pond in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting moist grass litter near stream and pond margins, a red maple swamp, and sedge marshes, sifting grass and leaf litter on a hummock in a wet alder swamp, and sifting drift material on a lake margin. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. In NF, Philhygra larsoni was collected from May to August without specific habitat data (Klimaszewski et al. 2011); in NB, adults were captured from mid-April to mid-August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB, NF (Klimaszweski et al. 2011; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Philhygra proterminalis
(Bernhauer, 1907)
Figures 234–240.
Philhygra proterminalis (Bernhauer): 234 habitus in dorsal view 235 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 236 male tergite VIII 237 male sternite VIII 238 female tergite VIII 239 female sternite VIII 240 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Philhygra proterminalis (For diagnosis, see Brunke et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Queens Co., W of Jemseg near “Trout Creek”, 45.8255°N, 66.1174°W, 1.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Seasonally flooded marsh, treading vegetation near margin of pool (4 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, near Sunpoke Lake, 45.7658°N, 66.5546°W, 3.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest near flooded marsh, in leaf litter (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 8–21.VIII.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (1 ♂, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 29.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, margin of vernal pond among moist leaves (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9844°N, 66.7592°W, 3–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus rubra (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Philhygra proterminalis was found in various wetland habitats in NB. Adults were collected by treading vegetation near a vernal pool margin in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, and by sifting moist leaves along a vernal pond margin in a mixed forest. Two individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood and mixed forest. Brunke et al. (2012) reported on specimens from a Lindgren funnel trap and from a madicolous spring in ON. Otherwise, nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August in NB and ON.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species for the first time for Canada from ON.
Philhygra pseudolarsoni
Klimaszewski & Godin, 2012
Figures 241–247.
Philhygra pseudolarsoni Klimaszewski & Godin: 241 habitus in dorsal view 242 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 243 male tergite VIII 244 male sternite VIII 245 female tergite VIII 246 female sternite VIII 247 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Philhygra pseudolarsoni (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Goodfellow Brook P.N.A., 46.8943°N, 65.3796°W, 23.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in litter, grasses & moss on hummocks near water (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Summit Lake, 47.7825°N, 68.3199°W, 7.VI.2011, R.P. Webster // Lake margin, Carex marsh, treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation (1 ♂, RWC); Wild Goose Lake, 420 m elev., 47.8540°N, 68.3219°W, 7.VI.2011, 20.VI.2011, R.P. Webster // Lake margin with emergent Carex and grasses, treading Carex and grasses (2 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., ca. 2 km NE of Maces Bay, 45.1161°N, 66.4560°W, 8.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in sphagnum and litter near brook (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 17.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 18:00 h (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Most specimens of Philhygra pseudolarsoni from NB were found in wetland habitats. Adults were sifted from litter, grasses, and moss on hummocks near water and sifting sphagnum and litter near a brook in eastern white cedar swamps, and treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation in a Carex marsh along lake margins. One individual was collected with a net between 16:30 and 18:00 h in a mixed forest opening during a warm evening. The type and paratypes from the YT were sifted from soil litter from deciduous and mixed forests (Klimaszewski et al. 2012), otherwise little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during May and June.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
YT, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013). Philhygra pseudolarsoni was described from the YT (Klimaszewski et al. 2012). The data presented here suggest that this species has a transcontinental distribution in Canada.
Philhygra terrestris
Klimaszewski & Godin, 2012
Figures 248–254.
Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin: 248 habitus in dorsal view 249 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 250 male tergite VIII 251 male sternite VIII 252 female tergite VIII 253 female sternite VIII 254 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Philhygra terrestris (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., Third Lake, 47.7786°N, 68.3783°W, 21.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // Partially shaded brook, gravel/clay margin under alders (1 ♂, RWC); Jalbert Brook, 262 m elev., 47.6470°N, 68.3026°W, 23.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // Old-growth mixed forest, shaded brook, on clay/fine sand bar, collected by splashing (2 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8204°N, 66.0833°W, 14.VI.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, splashing drift material (mostly small sticks and conifer bud debris) (1 ♂, RWC); Kedgwick Forks, 47.9085°N, 67.9057°W, 22.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // River margin, on clay/sand under alders (3 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Most adults of Philhygra terrestris from NB were collected from shaded sites along brook and river margins. Specimens were found among gravel and clay under alders, by splashing clay and fine sand on sand bars along shaded brooks, and splashing drift material consisting of small sticks and conifer bud debris along a river margin. The type specimen from the YT was sifted from litter in a mixed forest during late May (Klimaszewski et al. 2012). Adults from NB were collected during June.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
YT, SK, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013, Klimaszewski et al. 2015a). Philhygra terrestris was described from the YT (Klimaszewski et al. 2012). The data presented here indicate that this species has a transcontinental distribution in Canada.
Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/26BE6B94-6CF0-494D-8F8A-53FC4C271F00
Figures 255–262.
Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 255 habitus in dorsal view 256 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 257 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 258 male tergite VIII 259 male sternite VIII 260 female tergite VIII 261 female sternite VIII 262 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7930°N, 64.7764°W, 1.VII.2011, R.P. Webster, coll. // small rocky clear-cold river (Caledonia Creek), sifting drift material, tree bud material, in eddy area (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, same data as for holotype (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8204°N, 66.0833°W, 14.VI.2009, R.P. Webster // Jacquet River, river margin among cobblestones (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC).
Etymology.
This species is named for our colleague Georges Pelletier (LFC) who participated in many of our entomology projects.
Description.
Body length 3.3–3.5 mm, narrowly oval, uniformly dark piceous with tibiae, tarsi, and base of antennae and mouthparts reddish brown (Fig. 255); integument glossy, pubescence short, except slightly longer on head and abdomen, yellowish brown in artificial light, sparse; head small, distinctly narrower than pronotum and elytra, approximately round with protruding apical part, feebly carinate basally, tempora as long as approximately three times maximal diameter of eye as seen from above; mandibles with apex split; antennae slim with articles V–X elongate or subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum slightly transverse, distinctly narrower than elytra, broadly arcuate laterally and posteriorly, broadest near base, strongly converging apically, pubescence directed posteriad on midline of disk and obliquely laterad elsewhere; elytra moderately transverse, subparallel, hind margin truncate, pubescence directed slightly obliquely posteriad; abdomen arcuate laterally, three basal tergites strongly impressed basally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with large bulbus in dorsal view (Fig. 256), venter of tubus arcuate, and apex slightly produced ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 257), structures of internal sac as illustrated (Figs 256, 257); tergite VIII with apical margin truncate and crenulate, with two moderate lateral teeth (Fig. 258); sternite VIII broadly parabolic, obtusely angulate apically (Fig. 259). Female. Tergite VIII broadly arcuate apically (Fig. 260); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 261); spermatheca S-shaped, with capsule tubular, angularly connected to stem, which is sharply curled at base (Fig. 262).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Adults of Schistoglossa pelletieri were sifted from drift material (tree bud material) along the margin of a small clear-cold river in an eddy area and found among cobblestones along a fast-flowing river. Specimens were collected during June and July.
Comments.
This species is readily distinguishable from other members of the subgenus by its large (3.3–3.5 mm long) dark piceous body, small head, and distinctively shaped genitalia (Figs 256–262). For other species of the genus in Canada, see Klimaszewski et al. (2009a).
Seeversiella globicollis
(Bernhauer, 1907)
Figures 263–270.
Seeversiella globicollis (Bernhauer): 263 habitus in dorsal view 264 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 265 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 266 male tergite VIII 267 male sternite VIII 268 female tergite VIII 269 female sternite VIII 270 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Seeversiella globicollis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 25.V.2011, R.P. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, in moose dung (1 ♀, RWC); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Lindgren funnel trap, Old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
One NB specimen was collected from moose dung in an old-growth northern hardwood forest; another was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an adjacent old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. In NF, adults were collected from pitfall traps in fir and riparian forests (Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Gusarov (2003) reports the species from leaf litter, often near water. Specimens from NB were captured during May and June.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (Gusarov 2003b; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b; Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Bousquet et al. 2013, Klimaszewski et al. 2015a).
Strigota ambigua
(Erichson, 1839)
Figures 271–278.
Strigota ambigua (Erichson): 271 habitus in dorsal view 272 median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view 273 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 274 male tergite VIII 275 male sternite VIII 276 female tergite VIII 277 female sternite VIII 278 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Strigota ambigua (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011, 2013a)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Queens Co., Canning, Grand Lake, Goat Island, 46.0110°N, 66.0133°W, 8.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Lake shore on cobblestone beach, under cobblestone on moist sand (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
The single specimen from NB was found under a cobblestone on moist sand on a lake margin. Elsewhere, specimens have been found in various open habitats (Brunke et al. 2012 and references therein).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
YT, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB, NF (Majka et al. 2008a; Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Strigota obscurata
Klimaszewski & Brunke, 2012
Strigota obscurata (For diagnosis and illustrations, see Brunke et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 26.VI-6.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 7.VI.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in flood debris (1 ♀, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.X.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Residential lawn, on soil at base of grass (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
In NB, Strigota obscurata were found in flood debris on a river margin, on soil at the base of grass in a residential lawn, and captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old jack pine forest. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this as the most common species in southern ON soybean fields, often occurring in open habitats with Strigota ambigua.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Although previously known only from ON at the time of description, Brunke et al. (2012) expected that the species would occur widely in northeastern North America. It was cited from QC in Bousquet et al. (2013), based on information submitted by G. Pelletier (LFC, pers. comm.), who indicated that it was verified by Klimaszewski; Klimaszewski (pers. comm.) was unable to find specimens at LFC from QC, and it is therefore provisionally removed from QC.
Trichiusa hirsuta
Casey, 1906
Figures 287–294.
Trichiusa hirsuta Casey: 287 habitus in dorsal view 288 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 289 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 290 male tergite VIII 291 male sternite VIII 292 female tergite VIII 293 female sternite VIII 294 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Trichiusa hirsuta (For diagnosis see Brunke et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 2–12.VI.2008, 12–19.VI.2008, 5–12.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, 2 ♀, LFC); same data but 1–8.VI.2009, 8–16.VI.2009, 21–28.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel traps (3 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Charlotte Co., 5.2 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3087°N, 67.4362°W, 16.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red maple swamp, in sphagnum with grasses near vernal pond (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V-11.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana stand, Lindgren funnel trap (3 sex undetermined, AFC); ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 28.V-11.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Populus tremuloides (1 sex undetermined, AFC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 12.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum & litter in depressions with Carex (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 19–25.V.2009, 25.V-2.VI.2009, 2–16.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, AFC; 1 ♀, RWC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 1–8.VI.2009, 28.VI-7.VII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Most adults from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the following forest types: rich Appalachian hardwood forest, old jack pine stand, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stand, red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, and a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Specimens with microhabitat data were sifted from sphagnum and grasses near a vernal pond in a red maple swamp, and sphagnum and litter in depressions with Carex in a calcareous fen. In ON, Brunke et al. (2012) reported Trichiusa hirsuta from upland forest or semi-forest habitats on sandy soil. Adults were collected during May and June in both ON (Brunke et al. 2012) and NB.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported Trichiusa hirsuta for the first time for Canada from ON. This species is widespread in NB.
Trichiusa pilosa
Casey, 1894
Figures 295–302.
Trichiusa pilosa Casey: 295 habitus in dorsal view 296 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 297 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 298 male tergite VIII 299 male sternite VIII 300 female tergite VIII 301 female sternite VIII 302 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Trichiusa pilosa (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2015a)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Queens Co., Grand Lake at Youngs Cove, 45.96358°N, 65.99793°W, 4.VIII.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Lake margin, cobblestone beach, under cobblestones (2 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 12–29.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Two individuals were collected from under cobblestones along a lakeshore in August, another was captured in a Lindgren trap in the canopy of a trembling aspen in a hardwood forest in June. In Alberta, one female was collected with a window trap and in British Columbia, specimens were found in bison dung (Klimaszewski et al. 2015a).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
BC, AB, ON, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2015a).
Comments.
Klimaszewski et al. (2015a) synonomized this species with Trichiusa atra Casey, Trichiusa monticola Casey, Trichiusa parviceps Casey, and Trichiusa postica Casey. Trichiusa pilosa was previously reported from NS and ON (as Trichiusa postica) by Majka and Klimaszewski (2010) and Casey (1906) [type loc.], respectively.
Trichiusa robustula
Casey, 1894
Figures 303–309.
Trichiusa robustula Casey: 303 habitus in dorsal view 304 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 305 male tergite VIII 306 male sternite VIII 307 female tergite VIII 308 female sternite VIII 309 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Trichiusa robustula (For diagnosis, see Brunke et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 4.VII.2004, R.P. Webster // Margin of river, in drift material, mostly maple seeds (1 sex undetermined, LFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 6.IX.2005, 16.IX.2005, 25.IX.2005, 27.IX.2005, 28.IX.2005, 23.IV.2008, 27.IV.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetable matter) (4 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 sex undetermined, LFC; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 3 sex undetermined, RWC).
Natural history.
Most individuals of Trichiusa robustula from NB were sifted from compost near a mixed forest during April and September. The species was very common at this site. One individual from a river margin was sifted during July from drift material consisting mostly of maple seeds. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species from debris along lakeshores and from a grass pile and leaves near a lakeshore in ON.
Distribution in Canada.
ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported Trichiusa robustula for the first time for Canada from ON.
Subtribe Thamiaraeina Fenyes, 1921
Thamiaraea claydeni
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/F5E42DB7-110A-4729-8633-27609765365C
Figures 310–316.
Thamiaraea claydeni Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 310 habitus in dorsal view 311 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 312 male tergite VIII 313 male sternite VIII 314 female tergite VIII 315 female sternite VIII 316 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 21.VIII-7.IX.2012, C. Hughes & K. Van Rooyen // hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus macrocarpa (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 2–14.V.2012, C. Hughes & R. Webster // hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m under Quercus macrocarpa (1 ♂, RWC); Grand Lake meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 31.V-15.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data but 15–31.V.2010 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 29.VI-12.VII.2010, R. Webster, C. MacKay, M. Laity & R. Johns, coll. (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, Sunpoke Lake, 45.7665°N, 66.5545°W, 15.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old maple forest, in leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 22.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in decaying (moist) grass (1 ♀, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // wet alder swamp, in leaf litter & grass on hummocks (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
Named for Dr. Stephen Clayden, Curator and Head, Botany and Mycology Section of the New Brunswick Museum, whose collaboration in a joint project studying Coleoptera and lichens in old-growth eastern white cedar forests in NB resulted in the discovery of a number of new species.
Description.
Body length 2.5–2.7 mm, narrowly subparallel, uniformly dark piceous brown except posterior part of elytra near suture and basal tergal impressions slightly paler, legs, maxillary palpi and bases of antennae light yellowish brown (Fig. 310); integument glossy with meshed microsculpture, pubescence short, dense on pronotum and elytra and sparse on head and abdomen; head narrower than pronotum and elytra, approximately round, tempora about as long as eye seen from above; antennae with articles V–X slightly to strongly transverse; pronotum transverse, margined laterally and basally, narrower than elytra, obtusely angular posterolaterally, broadest at middle of its length, pubescence directed lateroposteriad forming arcuate lines; elytra moderately short, moderately transverse, subparallel, hind margin straight laterally, inwardly arcuate toward suture, pubescence directed obliquely posteriad; abdomen parallel-sided, three basal tergites strongly impressed basally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with large bulbus and short tubus, venter of tubus with tooth medially, apex narrow, produced ventrally in lateral view, sclerites of internal sac not pronounced except for strong apical folds (Fig. 311); apical margin of tergite VIII emarginate, with two spine-like lateral teeth and two diverging, more rounded ones at middle (Fig. 312); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 313). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 314); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 315); spermatheca S-shaped, with broad, spherical capsule, and short, broad, sinuate stem (Fig. 316).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
This species occurs in very similar habitats to Thamiaraea corverae; in silver maple and maple forests near seasonally flooded marshes, a river margin, and in a wet alder swamp. Adults were found in moist leaf litter and moist decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to September.
Thamiaraea corverae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/958C873E-3A06-4FAA-AAB9-A9674EFFCBB6
Figures 317–323.
Thamiaraea corverae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 317 habitus in dorsal view 318 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 319 male tergite VIII 320 male sternite VIII 321 female tergite VIII 322 female sternite VIII 323 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 29.VI-11.VII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster, coll. // hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 5 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 5.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // red maple and eastern white cedar swamp, in moss and leaf litter near small vernal pools (1 ♀, LFC). Queens Co., Grand Lake Meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 4–19.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, RWC); Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 14–28.V.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus rubra (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Prince William, near Magaguadavic Lake, 45.7268°N, 66.1852°W, 1.V.2004, D. Sabine & R. Webster, coll. // Red spruce & hemlock forest, in moist litter under leather-leaf (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 22.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in decaying grass (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
The first author of the species, Jan Klimaszewski, would like to dedicate this species to his wife, Patricia Corvera Gandullia, for her love of nature and enthusiasm for entomology.
Description.
Body length 2.8–3.1 mm, narrowly subparallel, most of antennae, head, and posterior part of abdomen dark piceous brown, pronotum slightly paler, elytra yellowish light brown, legs, maxillary palpi, and bases of antennae yellowish (Fig. 317); integument glossy with meshed microsculpture, pubescence short, dense on pronotum and elytra and sparse on head and abdomen; head slightly narrower than pronotum, approximately round, tempora slightly shorter than eye seen from above; antennae with articles V–X slightly to strongly transverse; pronotum transverse, margined laterally, slightly narrower than elytra, broadly arcuate laterally, broadest at middle of its length, pubescence directed lateroposteriad forming arcuate lines; elytra short, moderately transverse, subparallel, hind margin approximately straight, pubescence directed obliquely posteriad; abdomen parallel-sided, three basal tergites strongly impressed basally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus large and tubus short, triangular in dorsal view, venter of tubus arcuate, and apex narrow, triangularly produced ventrally in lateral view, sclerites of internal sac not pronounced (Fig. 318); apical margin of tergite VIII emarginate, with two spine-like teeth near lateral margin, and two rounded ones forming median projection (Fig. 319); sternite VIII semicircularly rounded apically (Fig. 320). Female. Tergite VIII broadly arcuate apically (Fig. 321); sternite VIII broadly shallowly emarginate apically (Fig. 322); spermatheca S-shaped, with spherical capsule, and short, sinuate stem which broadens basally (Fig. 323).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
This species was found in or near seasonally flooded silver maple forests and marshes, an eastern white cedar swamp, a river margin, and a wetland dominated by leather-leaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.). Adults were found in moss and leaf litter, moist litter under leather-leaf, and decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to August.
Comments.
Thamiaraea corverae may be easily separated from Thamiaraea claydeni by darker and broader body, less transverse antennal articles VII-X (Figs 310, 317), median teeth of male tergite VIII directed posteriad (Fig. 319) and not diverging laterad as in Thamiaraea claydeni (Fig. 312), and spermatheca with more sinuate stem (Fig. 323) than that of Thamiaraea claydeni (Fig. 316). From the remaining three Nearctic Thamiaraea species, the two species described here may be distinguished by the shape of the median lobe of aedeagus, shape of male tergite VIII and the shape of spermathecae. For illustrations of the other species, see Hoebeke 1988, 1994.
Tribe Falagriini Mulsant & Rey, 1873
Myrmecopora vaga
(LeConte, 1866)
Figures 324–330.
Myrmecopora vaga (LeConte): 324 habitus in dorsal view 325 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 326 male tergite VIII 327 male sternite VIII 328 female tergite VIII 329 female sternite VIII 330 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Petit-Cap, 46.1836°N, 64.1468°W, 19.VI.2012, R.P. Webster & D. Sabine // Sandy barrier beach, sifting drift material (mostly dried/decaying sea wrack) (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 17.VI.2014, M.-A. Giguère (2 sex undetermined, RWC).
Natural history.
Myrmecophora vaga was sifted from drift material consisting mostly of dried and decaying sea wrack on a sandy barrier sea beach. Majka et al. (2008a) reported this species from a similar habitat (flotsam on small beach) from NS. A number of western Palaearctic species of Myrmecopora also live in beach drift on coastal sea beaches (Assing 1997).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NS, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Majka et al. (2008a) reported this species for the first time for Canada from NS. The species has not been identified again in the Lake Superior region since the original description; although Ahn and Ashe (1995: 151) examined specimens in their phylogenetic study, they did not specify any locality data.
Comments.
Myrmecopora vaga bears superficial resemblance to European Myrmecopora uvida (Erichson) but has differently shaped median lobe of aedeagus with shorter and straight ventral part of tubus in lateral view which is longer and sinuate in Myrmecopora uvida, and by the shorter and broader stem of spermatheca. For illustrations of genitalia of Myrmecopora uvida see Assing 1997.
Tribe Homalotini Heer, 1839
Subtribe Bolitocharina C.G. Thomson, 1859
Pleurotobia bourdonae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/44DF6F6C-9FDC-4F05-A082-5503A38A05FB
Figures 331–337.
Pleurotobia bourdonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 331 habitus in dorsal view 332 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 333 male tergite VIII 334 male sternite VIII 335 female tergite VIII 336 female sternite VIII 337 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 18.VIII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // rich Appalachian hardwood forest in Hapalopilus nidulans on dead standing beech tree (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., same data as holotype (1 ♀, LFC; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); same data except 20.IX.2008 (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Canterbury, near “Browns Mtn. Fen”, 45.8876°N, 67.6560°W, 3.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on Pleurotus sp. on sugar maple (1 ♂, LFC). Quebec, Bellechasse Co., St. Raphael, 46.8078°N, 70.7344°W, 15.VII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, on decaying fleshy polypore on dead standing poplar (1 ♀, RWC).
Etymology.
This species is named for Caroline Bourdon (LFC) who works with us on many projects and has produced many images.
Description.
Body length 3.8–4.0 mm, narrowly oval, robust, head, pronotum, most of elytra and posterior part of abdomen dark brown, elytra with a yellowish-red area or spot extending obliquely from each shoulder and a narrow one along suture in posterior half, base of abdomen, legs, antennae and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig. 331); integument moderately glossy, densely and coarsely punctate, especially on elytra and in tergal impressions; head much narrower than pronotum with large eyes, longer than temples, antennae with articles V–X increasingly broadening toward apex; pronotum sinuate basally and rounded laterally, broadest at middle and then abruptly narrowed apicad; elytra with prominent shoulders, broader than pronotum; abdomen subparallel, three basal tergites with deep impressions, each coarsely punctate. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large, oval, tubus long, strongly produced ventrally, its ventral margin slightly sinuate, apex thin, narrow and acutely pointed in lateral view (Fig. 332); tergite VIII with apical margin broadly emarginate between two large lateral teeth, emargination weakly crenulate (Fig. 333); sternite VIII strongly, triangularly produced apically (Fig. 334). Female. Tergite VIII broadly truncate apically (Fig. 335); sternite VIII obtusely produced apically, with apex rounded (Fig. 336); spermatheca with capsule short, widely club shaped, stem narrow, curved (Fig. 337).
This species is externally similar to Pleurotobia brunswickensis, but its body is broader, more coarsely punctate, and less glossy, the integument is more reddish brown, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is shaped differently, with the venter less strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs 318, 332).
Distribution.
Known from QC and NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Pleurotobia bourdonae was found in hardwood and mixed forests. Adults were found in Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Kar. (Polyporaceae) on standing dead American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees, in a Pleurotus sp. (Tricholomataceae) on a live sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and in a decaying fleshy polypore (probably Hapalopilus nidulans) on a dead standing poplar. A description of the larva and biology of Pleurotobia tristigmata (Er.) [error for Pleurotobia tristigma Casey = Pleurotobia trimaculata (Er.)] is provided by Ashe (1990).
Comments.
The genus Pleurotobia Casey was previously represented in North America by one species, Pleurotobia trimaculata (Erichson) and its three synonyms, Pleurotobia suturalis Casey, Pleurotobia tristigma Casey, and Pleurotobia texana Casey (Ashe 1992). The illustration of the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca of Pleurotobia trimaculata is provided by Ashe (1992). The two new species described in this paper are easily distinguishable from Pleurotobia trimaculata by the differently shaped median lobe of the aedeagus and the weak crenulation of the apical margin of male tergite VIII between two large lateral teeth (Figs 333, 340).
Figures 338–344.
Pleurotobia brunswickensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 338 habitus in dorsal view 339 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 340 male tergite VIII 341 male sternite VIII 342 female tergite VIII 343 female sternite VIII 344 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Pleurotobia brunswickensis
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/284F6D53-474C-43C7-A723-A48E44F78D7F
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Canterbury near Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.8876°N, 67.6560°W, 3.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on slightly dried Pleurotus sp. on sugar maple (LFC). Paratype: Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.8992°N, 66.4245°W, 18.VII.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Silver maple forest, on fleshy fungi (1 ♀, RWC).
Etymology.
This species name derives from the Canadian province of New Brunswick where the types were found.
Description.
Body length 3.9–4.0 mm, narrowly oval, robust, head, pronotum, most of elytra and posterior part of abdomen brownish black, elytra with a yellowish area or spot extending obliquely from each shoulder and a short, narrow longitudinal spot along suture apically, base of abdomen, legs, two basal antennal articles and maxillary palps yellowish (Fig. 338); integument strongly glossy, densely and coarsely punctate, especially on elytra and in tergal impressions; head much narrower than pronotum, eyes large, longer than temples, antennae with articles V–X increasingly broadening toward apex; pronotum sinuate basally and rounded laterally, broadest at middle and then abruptly narrowed apicad; elytra with prominent shoulders, broader than pronotum; abdomen subparallel, three basal tergites with deep impressions, each coarsely punctate. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large, oval, tubus long, strongly produced ventrally, its ventral margin strongly sinuate, subapical section wide and apex thin, narrow and acutely pointed ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 339); apical margin of tergite VIII broadly, shallowly emarginate between two large lateral teeth, emargination weakly crenulate (Fig. 340); sternite VIII strongly, triangularly produced apically (Fig. 341). Female. Tergite VIII slightly sinuate apically (Fig. 342); sternite VIII obtusely produced apically, apex subangulate (Fig. 343) spermatheca with capsule short, widely club shaped, stem narrow, curved (Fig. 344).
This species is externally similar to Pleurotobia bourdonae, but has a narrower, less coarsely punctate and glossier body, and yellowish body color, the apical teeth of male tergite VIII are less prominent, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is differently shaped, with the venter strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs 332, 339).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
The holotype was found in a slightly dried Pleurotus mushroom on a sugar maple in an old hardwood forest in early August, the paratype was found in a fleshy fungus in a silver maple forest in July.
Comments.
See the previous species.
Subtribe Gyrophaenina Kraatz, 1856
Agaricomorpha vincenti
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/B284BD37-1501-4831-9788-0F6723ECD1A8
Figures 345–351.
Agaricomorpha vincenti Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 345 habitus in dorsal view 346 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 347 male tergite VIII 348 male sternite VIII 349 female tergite VIII 350 female sternite VIII 351 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 7–21.VI.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fagus grandifolia (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data except 8–23.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Acer saccharum (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 17–31.VII.2012 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (1 ♂, LFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 8–22.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Populus tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 23.V-6.VI.2013, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fraxinus pennsylvanica (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
This species is named in honor of Vincent Webster who collected a number of specimens of this species and many other species reported in this and other papers.
Description.
Body small, compact, and narrowly oval in outline; length 1.7–1.9 mm; body, antennae, and legs uniformly black (Fig. 345); forebody with strong microsculpture, that on elytra and abdomen coarse, scale-like, punctation coarse, sparse, and flatly impressed, pubescence sparse and approximately evenly distributed on forebody; head transverse, eyes large, postocular area reduced, pubescence directed posteriad and obliquely mesad; antennae incrassate, basal three antennomeres elongate, IV subquadrate, V–X increasingly broadening apically, XI oval and elongate; maxillary palpi with four articles, penultimate article expanded apically, and apical article acicular; pronotum strongly transverse, distinctly broader than elytra, base strongly sinuate, lateral edges abruptly converging apicad, disk with most pubescence directed posteriad, some at base directed laterad; elytra at suture as long as pronotum, pubescence directed straight posteriad; abdomen gradually but weakly tapering apically, tergites II and III strongly impressed basally, and with elevated punctures. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large in lateral view, tubus U-shaped, narrow with broad and swollen apical part, flagellum long and thin (Fig. 346); tergite VIII transverse, apical margin arcuate, unevenly crenulate (Fig. 347); apical margin of sternite VIII obtusely angulate, broadly rounded medially (Fig. 348). Female. Tergite VIII transverse, sinuate apically with small median emargination (Fig. 349); sternite VIII transverse, apical margin subsemicircularly rounded (Fig. 350); spermatheca small, with capsule asymmetrical, narrowing toward apex, stem short, U-shaped (Fig. 351).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Specimens of Agaricomorpha vincenti were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, a Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and a hardwood forest on an island in a river. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species. Adults were collected during May, June, and July in NB.
Comments.
This species may be readily distinguished from Agaricomorpha websteri Klimaszewski & Brunke by the differently shaped pronotum, which is distinctly broader than the elytra, by its uniformly black body, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, male tergite VIII, and spermatheca (Figs 345, 346, 347, 351).(See Brunke et al. 2012 for details on Agaricomorpha websteri).
Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aldersonae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/591DD88D-CD77-4E18-9619-5681645302D8
Figures 352–355.
Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aldersonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 352 habitus in dorsal view 353 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 354 male tergite VIII 355 male sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt 645, 45.6848 N, 66.8821°W, 21–28.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 11–18.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 2.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest, polypore (bracket) fungus on side of log (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 28.VII-9.VIII.2011 (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 19.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, on polypore fungus on log (1 ♂, LFC).
Etymology.
This species is named in honor of Chantelle Alderson who helped collect many species reported in this and other papers.
Description.
Body length 1.7 mm, short, robust, oval, head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen dark brown, elytra with small paler, reddish area on each shoulder and one along suture, appendages yellowish (Fig. 352); integument with weak meshed microsculpture on head and pronotum and strong on elytra, strongly glossy; pubescence short and sparse, appressed to integument; head small with protruding eyes, almost half as wide as pronotum; pronotum narrow, strongly transverse, broadest at base, almost as wide as elytra at base, and strongly narrowed apicad, pubescence directed posteriad; elytra broader than pronotum, widest posteriorly, pubescence directed posteriad; abdomen widest at base, tapering apicad. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus long, broad, and narrowly elongate, apex sharp, produced ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 353); tergite VIII transverse, apical margin with two acute pronounced teeth separated by about one-third width of tergite, with an arcuate emargination between them and shallower ones on either side (Fig. 354); sternite VIII transverse, evenly arcuate apically (Fig. 355). Female. Unknown.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Gyrophaena aldersonae were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Two individuals were collected from a polypore (bracket) fungus on the sides of logs. Adults were collected from May to September.
Comments.
Gyrophaena aldersonae is a distinct species in the Nearctic fauna, and males have a uniquely shaped tergite VIII (Fig. 354) and median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 353). The shape of the median lobe and apical part of male tergite VIII are somewhat similar to those of Gyrophaena joyioides Wüsthoff reported from Croatia and the Caucasus (Lohse in Lohse 1974, Seevers 1951).
Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) brevicollis
Seevers, 1951
Figures 356–362.
Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) brevicollis Seevers: 356 habitus in dorsal view 357 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 358 male tergite VIII 359 male sternite VIII 360 female tergite VIII 361 female sternite VIII 362 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., McGowans Corner, Grand Lake P.N.A., 45.8959°N, 66.2823°W, 16.VI.2013, R.P. Webster // Silver maple forest, in Polyporus squamosus (on dead standing silver maple) (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Two individuals of Gyrophaena brevicollis were collected from Polyporus squamosus (Polyporaceae) on a dead standing silver maple in a silver maple forest. One specimen from ON was collected from gilled mushrooms (Brunke et al. (2012), otherwise little is known about the habitat association of this species.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species for the first time for Canada from several sites in southern ON.
Comments.
Except for a slight difference in the shape of male tergite VIII, the NB specimen agrees with the description and illustrations in Seevers (1951) for Gyrophaena brevicollis. We have noted that the shape of the male tergite is variable in other Gyrophaena species (Klimaszewski et al. 2009b).
Subtribe Homalotina Heer, 1839
Anomognathus americanus
(Casey, 1894)
Figures 363–366.
Anomognathus americanus (Casey): 363 habitus in dorsal view 364 female tergite VIII 365 female sternite VIII 366 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030 N, 68.3503°W, 30.V.-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
(New Canadian record). Apparently the species has not been found in North America since Casey’s original description of specimens from NY; it was treated as a synonym of Anomognathus cuspidatus Erichson by Fenyes (1918), but this has to be confirmed.
Tribe Hoplandriini Casey, 1910
Subtribe Hoplandriina Casey, 1910
Hoplandria (Lophomucter) laevicollis
(Notman, 1920)
Figures 367–374.
Hoplandria (Lophomucter) laevicollis (Notman): 367 habitus in dorsal view 368 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 369 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 370 male tergite VIII 371 male sternite VIII 372 female tergite VIII 373 female sternite VIII 374 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 21.VIII.2013, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, in rotten boletus mushrooms (8 ♀, RWC); ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 6–21.VIII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Populus tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Most adults of Hoplandria laevicollis from NB were found in rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in a stand of trembling aspen. Adults were collected during August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, QC, NB (Génier 1989; Brunke et al. 2012; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Comments.
All specimens of Hoplandria laevicollis from NB were females. The identification was based on the description and key in Génier (1989). It should be noted that female characters are not as diagnostic as those of males, and thus the determination of these specimens should be considered as provisional until males are obtained from the sites where the species was found.
Tribe Hypocyphtini Laporte, 1835
Oligota chrysopyga
Kraatz, 1859†
Figures 375–380.
Oligota chrysopyga Kraatz: 375 habitus in dorsal view 376 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 377 male tergite VIII 378 male sternite VIII 379 female tergite VIII 380 female sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.X.2007, 3.IX.2010, 7.IX.2010, 19.IX.2010, 22.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, 3 ♀, 6 sex undetermined, RWC); same data but 7.IX.2010 (1 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, LFC).
Natural history.
Oligota chrysopyga was common in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Not much is known about the biology of Oligota. Frank et al. (1992) mentions that some species prey on mites, which were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the NB specimens were collected.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (New Canadian record). Although now considered cosmopolitan, the only other North American record of this adventive species was by Frank (1976) from FL, where it was apparently introduced from the Caribbean.
Oligota parva
Kraatz, 1862†
Figures 381–386.
Oligota parva Kraatz: 381 habitus in dorsal view 382 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 383 male tergite VIII 384 male sternite VIII 385 female tergite VIII 386 female sternite VIII. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.X.2007, 26.IX.2008, 5.IX.2009, 3.IX.2010, 19.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (5 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data but 3.IX.2010, 7.IX.2010 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC).
Natural history.
Oligota parva was common in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected. Majka et al. (2008) reported this species from sea beach drift at the top of the littoral zone on PE. Adults were collected during September and October.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB, PE (Bousquet et al. 2013). Majka et al. (2008) reported this adventive species from Canada for the first time from PE.
Oligota polyporicola
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/EC6B980E-A346-4187-89D3-9BB2CF2D0018
Figures 387–393.
Oligota polyporicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 387 habitus in dorsal view 388 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 389 male tergite VIII 390 male sternite VIII 391 female tergite VIII 392 female sternite VIII 393 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce and red maple forest, fleshy polypore fungi on stump (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Wakefield, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1907°N, 67.6740°W, 15.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on fleshy polypore (bracket) fungi on dead standing beech (1 ♂, AFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest Nature Preserve”, 46.2199°N, 67.7231°W, 7.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in polypore fungi on large fallen basswood (1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); same data but 9.X.2006 // Hardwood forest, on fleshy polypore fungi on dead standing beech (1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♀, LFC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce and red maple forest, fleshy polypore fungi on stump (3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 22.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in polypore fungus on Populus log (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
Named after polypore mushrooms where the holotype and many of the paratypes were found.
Description.
Body length 1.4–1.5 mm, short, compact, broadly oval, piceous brown to black, with legs, antennae, maxillary palps, and tip of abdomen reddish brown (Fig. 387); forebody moderately and abdomen strongly glossy; integument with microsculpture mesh-like on head and pronotum, coarse, scale-like on elytra and less so on abdomen; pubescence sparse and long; head transverse with large protruding eyes, pubescence directed anteriad; antennae with four apical articles broad and forming loose club, articles VI–VII moderately transverse; pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins strongly converging apically, pubescence directed posteriad on midline of disk and obliquely laterad elsewhere; elytra broad, arcuate laterally with pubescence directed obliquely laterad; abdomen tapering apicad. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus long, arcuate apically, apex thin and produced ventrally in lateral view, bulbus moderately long with large carina apicalis (Fig. 388); internal sac structures as illustrated (Fig. 388); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 389); sternite VIII broadly arcuate apically (Fig. 390). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin very broadly obtusely angulate (Fig. 391); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 392); spermatheca with capsule elongate-oval in apical half, angularly bent at middle (Fig. 393).
Natural history.
This species was found in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and a mature red spruce and red maple forest. Adults were found in polypore fungi on dead standing American beeches, a large fallen basswood, a Populus log, and on a stump. Specimens occurred within the tubes of the polypore fungi. Adults were collected during June and October.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Comments.
We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (Williams 1970a, 1970b, 1972, 1973a, 1973b, 1975, 1976, 1979, Frank 1972, Lohse 1974, Frank et al. 1992, Assing 1995, 2003). In addition, we consulted J.H. Frank, who studied American and Caribbean types and species of Oligota, and he confirmed that our species was not among the species he studied.
Oligota pusillima
Gravenhorst, 1806†
Figures 394–400.
Oligota pusillima Gravenhorst: 394 habitus in dorsal view 395 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 396 male tergite VIII 397 male sternite VIII 398 female tergite VIII 399 female sternite VIII 400 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Material examined.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IX.2007, 5.X.2007, 27.IV.2008, 8.VIII.2010, 7.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (2 ♂, 4 ♀, RWC); same data but 5.X.2007, 3.IX.2010 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC).
Natural history.
Oligota pusillima was found in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected. Adults were collected during April, August, September, and October.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (New Canadian record).
Comments.
Oligota pusillima is considered a cosmopolitan species (Smetana 2004). It was known in the USA from MA (Fauvel 1889) and NY (synonyms Oligota linearis Casey and Oligota parallela Casey), but it was never before recorded from Canada.
Oligota sevogle
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/A7DB3175-8184-4038-99D2-7573FD4A8688
Figures 401–407.
Oligota sevogle Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 401 habitus in dorsal view 402 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 403 male tergite VIII 404 male sternite VIII 405 female tergite VIII 406 female sternite VIII 407 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 1–14.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 1–14.V.2013, 31.V-15.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data but 1–14.V.2013 (1 ♀, LFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V–15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data but 15–27.VI.2011 (1 ♀, LFC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 8–15.VI.2009, 2–20.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
Named after the village of Sevogle near where the type and most of the paratypes were collected, in apposition.
Description.
Body length 1.4–1.5 mm, short, compact, moderately broadly oval, piceous to nearly black, with legs or only tarsi, antennae, maxillary palps, and tip of abdomen yellowish brown (Fig. 401); moderately glossy; integument with microsculpture mesh-like on head and pronotum, coarse, scale-like on elytra and abdomen; pubescence sparse and long; head transverse with eyes large, protruding, pubescence directed anteriad; antennae with four apical articles forming loose club, articles VI–VII narrow and strongly transverse; pronotum strongly transverse, lateral margins strongly converging apicad, pubescence directed obliquely laterad; elytral margins broadly arcuate laterally with pubescence directed obliquely laterad; abdomen gradually narrowed apicad. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus long, arcuate, apex moderately thin and gradually arched ventrally in lateral view, bulbus moderately long with large carina apicalis (Fig. 402); internal sac structures as illustrated (Fig. 402); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 403); sternite VIII with apical margin very obtusely angulate, broadly rounded medially (Fig. 404). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 405); sternite VIII broadly parabolic apically (Fig. 406); spermatheca broad, with capsule oval in apical half, constricted and bent at middle (Fig. 407).
Natural history.
Adults were collected from Lindgren funnel traps in a jack pine forest (most), a red pine forest, and an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. Specimens were captured during May and June.
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Comments.
We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (Williams 1970a, 1970b, 1972, 1973a, 1973b, 1975, 1976, 1979, Frank 1972, Lohse in Lohse 1974, Frank et al. 1992, Assing 1995, 2003). In addition, we consulted J.H. Frank, who studied American and Caribbean types and species of Oligota, and he confirmed that our species was not among the species he studied.
Tribe Oxypodini C.G. Thomson, 1859
Subtribe Dinardina Mulsant & Rey, 1873
Blepharhymenus brendeli
(Casey, 1894)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7808°N, 64.7775°W, 4.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // Canada Creek, cold, clear, shaded rocky brook with small waterfalls, sifting saturated moss on rocks near flowing water (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, NBM); Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8432°N, 64.8411°W, 5.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // Turtle Creek, rocky cool water & shaded creek, in saturated moss on rocks (1 sex undetermined, NBM); same locality, collection date and collector but 45.8385°N, 64.8435°W // Old-growth hardwood forest, cold, clear, shaded rocky brook with small waterfalls, sifting saturated moss on rocks near flowing water (1 sex undetermined, NBM); Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8176°N, 64.7800°W, 6.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // Mature hardwood forest, mossy seepage with Carex, sifting saturated moss and Carex litter (1 sex undetermined, NBM); Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7706°N, 64.8063°W, 12.IX.2012, R.P. Webster & M.-A. Giguère // McKinely Brook, in leaf litter in areas with Carex along brook (1 sex undetermined, NBM; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Charlotte Co., 3.0 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 16.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moss & leaf litter near small vernal pools (1 ♀, LFC; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); ca. 9 km NW of New River, 45.2096°N, 66.6483°W, 13.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp near large brook, in grass & leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC). Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 14–28.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana stand, Lindgren funnel trap (1 sex undetermined, AFC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.7146°N, 66.1644°W, 24.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp adjacent to slow flowing brook, in leaves on muddy soil (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, RWC). Saint John Co., ca. 2 km NE of Maces Bay, 45.1151°N, 66.4553°W, 8.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in sphagnum & litter near brook (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, off Hwy 2, E of Baker Brook, 45.8760°N, 66.6252°W, 4.VI.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth cedar swamp in moss & litter (1 ♂, LFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8341°N, 66.7445°W, 22.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature spruce & cedar forest, seepage area, in saturated sphagnum & leaf litter (1 ♀, RWC); same locality but 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 20.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Alder swamp, small brook, under cobblestones (1 sex undetermined, RWC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6840°N, 66.8679°W, 3.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red maple/alder swamp, in moist leaves near small vernal pools near small stream (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 5–19.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 sex undetermined, NBM); Kouchibouguac N. P., 10.VII.1977, I. Smith, code 6065G (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Kouchibouguac N. P., 18.V.1977, S.J. Miller, code 5070Z (1 ♀, CNC). Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Fishing Cove Trail, 21.VI.1984, A. Smetana (3 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Cape Breton H.N.P., nr. Mary Ann Falls, 22.VI.1984, A. Smetana (1 ♂, CNC); Cape Breton H.N.P., 12 m, Warren Lake Trail, PG982768, 26.IX.1984, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, sifting litter and moss (1 ♀, CNC); Halifax, Sackville, No. 181, 20.V.1951, Lindroth (2 ♀, CNC). Ontario, Peterborough Co., Warsaw, 5–8.IX.1974, I.M. Smith (1 ♀, CNC); Whitney, Nipissing Dist., 19.IX.1974, I.M. Smith (2 ♀, CNC); Peterborough Co., Warsaw Caves, Conservation area, 9.VI.1975, I.M. Smith (1 ♀, CNC); Carleton Co., 6 mi W. Richmond, 15.IX.1974, I.M. Smith (1 ♀, CNC); Ottawa River Deschênes Lookout, 1.V.1985, A. Davies, Berlese flood debris (1 ♀, CNC); Nepean NCC Log Farm, 1.XI.1985, A. Davies, ex Salix litter at edge of beaver pond (1 ♀, CNC). Québec, Co. Vaudreuil, Rigaud end Ch. de la Croix, 5.V.1988, 950, A. and Z. Smetana (1 ♀, CNC); same data except 952 (1 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Gatineau Pk., Fortune Lk., 28.VIII.1982, Lohse & Campbell (3 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Gatineau Pk., Ramsay Lake area, 12.IX.1970, J.M. Campbell (1 ♀, CNC).
Natural history.
In NB, Blepharhymenus brendeli adults were found near shaded brook and stream margins, near vernal pools near brooks, and in mossy seepage areas in hardwood forests, old-growth eastern white cedar forests and swamps, in a mature spruce and cedar forest, and in alder swamps. Specimens were found in saturated moss on rocks near flowing water, in saturated moss and Carex litter in seepages, in leaf litter in areas with Carex near brooks, in moss and litter, and in moss, sphagnum, and leaf litter near brooks in the above habitats. The QC specimens were collected in an oak–beech–maple forest, by sifting deep, moldy leaf litter along bases of large rock blocks, and in a small seepage under a hydro line with large ferns, dogwood and Salix, and by sifting layers of moist dead fern leaves and detritus under ferns. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during April, May, June, July, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, QC, NB, NS (New Canadian record).
Subtribe Meoticina Seevers, 1978
Meotica pallens
(Redtenbacher, 1849)†
Figures 415–423.
Meotica pallens (Redtenbacher): 415 habitus in dorsal view 416 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 417 male tergite VIII 418 male sternite VIII 419 female tergite VIII 420 female sternite VIII 421–423 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Meotica pallens (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2007)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 2.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 20:00 h (2 ♀, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8331°N, 66.7279°W, 20.V.2010 // Beaver dam, among sticks, debris, and clay on dam (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Adults were collected with a net in a mixed forest opening during the evening, and sifted from among sticks, debris and clay on a beaver dam. One individual was caught in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth northern hardwood forest. This species was collected during May and June in NB.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
BC, ON, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2007; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Subtribe Oxypodina C.G. Thomson, 1859
Calodera caseyi
Assing, 2002
Figures 424–427.
Calodera caseyi Assing: 424 habitus in dorsal view 425 female tergite VIII 426 female sternite VIII 427 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Calodera caseyi (For diagnosis, see Assing 2008)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 10–26.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (New Canadian record).
Comments.
The male of this species is unknown.
Dexiogyia angustiventris
(Casey, 1894)
Figures 428–435.
Dexiogyia angustiventris (Casey): 428 habitus in dorsal view 429 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 430 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 431 male tergite VIII 432 male sternite VIII 433 female tergite VIII 434 female sternite VIII 435 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Dexiogyia angustiventris (For diagnosis, see Brunke et al. 2012)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7786°N, 64.8068°W, 2.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // McKinely Brook, old-growth sugar maple & yellow birch forest, in Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.) Sing. (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 12–29.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 2.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 ♀, RWC); 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 4–19.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Field/meadow, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Specimens of Dexiogyia angustiventris from NB were caught in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood forest in the canopy of Populus tremuloides, an old red pine forest, and in an open field and meadow. One individual was collected from Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.) Sing., on a log in an old-growth sugar maple and yellow birch forest and another from under bark of red spruce in a mature red spruce stand. Brunke et al. (2012) reported specimens from under bark of white pine in ON. According to Seevers (1978) Dexiogyia is associated with subcortical microhabitats, particularly pine, and occurs in burrows of wood-boring Coleoptera.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported Dexiogyia angustiventris for the first time for Canada based on specimens from ON.
Hylota cryptica
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/DEFBFA82-F2F3-49F3-9C92-C979E53396DE
Figures 436–442.
Hylota cryptica Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 436 habitus in dorsal view 437 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 438 male tergite VIII 439 male sternite VIII 440 female tergite VIII 441 female sternite VIII 442 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 8–20.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old red pine forest, flight intercept trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 13–25.V.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 4–17.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel traps in canopy of Quercus rubra (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 14–28.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana stand, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, AFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, flight intercept traps (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 25.VII-8.VIII.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, in canopy of Tilia americana (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 12–29.VI.2012 (1 ♀, LFC). York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 2–16.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest with red & white spruce, red & white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data except 16–30.VI.2010 (1 ♀, RWC); 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 16–30.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 19.VIII-6.IX.2013, C. Hughes & A. Morrison // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Pinus strobus (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 4–19.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 sex undetermined, NBM).
Etymology.
Cryptica is a Latin feminine adjective meaning concealed, in allusion to similarity to its sibling species, Hoplandria ochracea.
Description.
Body length 3.2–3.4 mm, narrowly oval, dark brown except antennae, tarsi, and posterior part of elytra near suture paler (Fig. 436); forebody densely punctate and pubescent; head about one-third of maximum pronotal width; antennal articles IV–X from slightly elongate to subquadrate; pronotum broadest at basal third and strongly narrowed apicad, at base as wide as elytra; elytra transverse and slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen arcuate laterally and tapering toward apex. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus strongly bent ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 437), (similar but less strongly produced ventrally in Oligota ochracea Casey); male tergite VIII broadly emarginate apically, with minute crenulation (Fig. 438) (with more pronounced teeth in Hylota ochracea); sternite VIII subtriangularly produced apically with apex rounded (Fig. 439). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically, margin entire (Fig. 440); sternite VIII semicircularly rounded apically (Fig. 441); spermatheca with capsule small, sac-shaped and semispherical apically, stem with about eight to nine tight coils (Fig. 442).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
All specimens of Hylota cryptica were captured in Lindgren funnel traps or flight intercept traps in various forest types. These included a red oak forest, an old mixed forest with red oak, mixed forests, a hardwood forest on an island in a river, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, an old jack pine forest, an old red pine forest, and an old white pine stand. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species.
Comments.
This cryptic species may be separated from Hylota ochracea by its larger, broader and darker body, pronotum at least as wide as elytra at base (slightly narrower in Hylota ochracea), elongate antennal articles V–X (transverse in Hylota ochracea), tubus of median lobe less bent laterally, apical margin of male tergite VIII with minute crenulation (with teeth in Hylota ochracea), and spermatheca with fewer coils (8–9 in Hylota cryptica and about 15–17 in Hylota ochracea).
Mniusa
Mulsant & Rey, 1875
Comments.
Klimaszewski et al. (2014) reviewed the Canadian species of Mniusa and Ocyusa. In this review, Mniusa minutissima Klimaszewski & Langor was reported for the first time for NB and Mniusa odelli Klimaszewski & Webster was described as a new species. Klimaszewski et al. (2014) illustrated the male genitalia (Fig. 7b, c, d) of a specimen tentatively determined as Mniusa odelli but did not include it and other specimens from NS and QC in the type series because of the poor quality of the specimens. An additional male specimen confirmed as Mniusa odelli was found at the type locality in NB during 2014. The male genitalia conform to those illustrated in Klimaszewski et al. (2014) and are illustrated here along with the adult habitus. In light of this discovery, all NB specimens of Mniusa were reexamined, and it became apparent that some specimens originally determined as Mniusa minutissima were actually Mniusa odelli. Below, we present new and corrected data for the distribution of Mniusa minutissima and Mniusa odelli in NB that reflect these changes and additions.
Mniusa minutissima
(Klimaszewski & Langor, 2011)
Figures 443–449.
Mniusa minutissima (Klimaszewski & Langor): 443 habitus in dorsal view 444 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 445 male tergite VIII 446 male sternite VIII 447 female tergite VIII 448 female sternite VIII 449 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Mniusa minutissima (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
Additional New Brunswick record, York Co., Canterbury, Eel River P.N.A., 45.8967°N, 67.6343°W, 21.V-2.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp & fen, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
The original specimens of Mniusa minutissima from NB were found by sifting moss near a brook and sifting deep conifer litter at the base of a large red spruce in a mature red spruce forest (Klimaszewski et al. 2014). Previous records of this species captured from Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest reported by Klimaszewski et al. (2014) were Mniusa odelli (see below). An additional record of Phloeopora minutissima from NB is reported here from a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth eastern white cedar swamp and fen.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB, NF (Klimaszewski et al. 2014).
Mniusa odelli
Klimaszewski & Webster, 2014
Figures 450–456.
Mniusa odelli Klimaszewski & Webster: 450 habitus in dorsal view 451 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 452 male tergite VIII 453 male sternite VIII 454 female tergite VIII 455 female sternite VIII 456 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Mniusa odelli (For details, see Klimaszewski et al. 2014)
Material examined.
Additional New Brunswick records, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 6–12.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. (2 ♂, RWC); same data but 8–16.VI.2009, M.-A. Giguère & V. Webster (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 22.VII-5.VIII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 ♀, NBM). York Co., Fredericton, Odell Park, 45.9484°N, 66.6802°W, 22.V-4.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m under trees (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Mniusa odelli was originally described from specimens captured in Lindgren traps in an old-growth eastern hemlock forest. Additional specimens were collected in Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest (originally determined as Mniusa minutissima), an old Populus balsamifera stand near a river, and in an old mixed forest. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2014).
Neothetalia canadiana
Klimaszewski, 2004
Figures 457–464.
Neothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski: 457 habitus in dorsal view 458 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 459 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 460 male tergite VIII 461 male sternite VIII 462 female tergite VIII 463 female sternite VIII 464 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Neothetalia canadiana (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski and Pelletier 2004)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Klimaszewski et al. (2011) reported Neothetalia canadiana from pitfall traps in coastal barrens in NF. In other areas, it had been found in gopher burrows, carrion, and in litter on the forest floor in a white spruce feather moss forest (Klimaszewski and Pelletier 2004). The sole NB specimen was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
AK, YT, BC, QC, NB, LB (Klimaszewski and Pelletier 2004; Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Bousquet et al. 2013).
Oxypoda sunpokeana
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/EF41B0B6-EB76-415E-872D-E872AECEC320
Figures 465–472.
Oxypoda sunpokeana Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 465 habitus in dorsal view 466 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 467 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 468 male tergite VIII 469 male sternite VIII 470 female tergite VIII 471 female sternite VIII 472 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., NE of jct Little Tobique Rd. and Red Bk., 47.4458°N, 67.0616°W, 13.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp with eastern white cedar, in moss and grass litter near brook (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Upper Gagetown, bog adjacent to Hwy 2, 45.8324°N, 66.2350°W, 3.VII.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Tamarack bog, treading Carex, leather-leaf, & sphagnum on bog margin (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, SW of Sunpoke Lake, 45.7875°N, 66.5736°W, 17.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll., // Red maple swamp, in leaf litter near margin of slow stream (1 ♀, LFC York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8427°N, 66.7234°W, 9.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Abandoned beaver pond, in moist grass litter on muddy soil (1 ♀, RWC); Kingsclear, Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Stream margin, in grass litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, LFC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6860°N, 66.8668°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh, in litter at base of dead red maple (1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp, in moist litter & grass on hummocks near water (1 ♀, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh adjacent to slow stream, in Carex hummock (2 ♂, RWC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6603°N, 66.8607°W, 2.V.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Black spruce bog, in sphagnum hummocks with Carex and grasses (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology.
This species is named after Sunpoke Lake where one of the paratypes was collected.
Description.
Body length 2.5–2.7 mm, subparallel, dark brown with yellowish-brown legs and antennae (Fig. 465); integument moderately glossy, densely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head round, narrower than pronotum, eyes small, about one-quarter length of temples in dorsal view; antennal articles all elongate; pronotum round, about as wide as elytra; elytra slightly transverse, subquadrate; abdomen broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus broadening apicad in dorsal view (Fig. 466), bulbus with large carina, tubus long, slightly sinuate and produced ventrally at apex in lateral view (Fig. 467); tergite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 468); sternite VIII with apical margin broadly, triangularly produced in middle third, rounded at apex (Fig. 469). Female. Tergite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 470); sternite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 471); spermatheca with capsule club shaped, duct U-shaped, with irregular tight coil posteriorly (Fig. 472).
Distribution.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history.
Adults of Oxypoda sunpokeana were found in various wetland habitats. Specimens were collected by treading Carex, leather-leaf and sphagnum on a tamarack bog margin, sifted from litter at the base of a red maple in a Carex marsh, sifted from moist litter and grass on hummocks in an alder swamp and adjacent to a slow-flowing stream, sifted from leaf litter near the margin of a slow stream in a red maple swamp, sifted from moist grass litter on muddy soil along an abandoned (dried) beaver pond, and sifted from sphagnum hummocks with Carex and grasses in an open black spruce bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and July.
Comments.
This species is externally similar to Oxypoda robusticornis Bernhauer but has the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca shaped differently. The only other Nearctic Oxypoda species with a similarly shaped median lobe is Oxypoda subpolaris Casey, but the latter has a differently shaped body with an enlarged, shield-shaped pronotum which is much broader than the elytra.
Parocyusa americana
(Casey, 1906)
Figures 473–476.
Parocyusa americana (Casey): 473 habitus in dorsal view 474 female tergite VIII 475 female sternite VIII 476 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Parocyusa americana (For comparison with Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey), see Brunke et al. 2012.)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2257°N, 67.7437°W, 12.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin near waterfall, splashing moss near splash zone of waterfall (1 ♀, RWC).
Natural history.
Brunke et al. (2012) reported specimens of this species from a hedgerow, from the bank of a sandy creek and from under a rock in a dry streambed. The specimen from NB was collected by splashing moss near the splash zone of a waterfall in September. Specimens from ON were collected during June, September, and October.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported Parocyusa americana for the first time for Canada based on specimens from ON and suggested that this species might be more widespread in northeastern North America in habitats near running water.
Comments.
Parocyusa americana may be distinguished from Parocyusa fuliginosa by antennal articles VI-X elongate (subquadrate to transverse in Parocyusa fuliginosa), by elongate pronotum equal in length to elytra (pronotum shorter than elytra in Parocyusa fuliginosa), and by the shape of spermatheca. The male of Parocyusa americana is unknown.
Parocyusa fuliginosa
(Casey, 1906)
Figures 477–485.
Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey): 477 habitus in dorsal view 478 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 479 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 480 male tergite VIII 481 male sternite VIII 482 female tergite VIII 483 female sternite VIII 484, 485, spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Parocyusa fuliginosa (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Pollard Brook at Pollard Rd., 47.9861°N, 67.6945°W, 31.VII.2012, R.P. Webster // Clear rocky stream, splashing gravel margin (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
The only specimen of Parocyusa fuliginosa from NB was collected by splashing the gravel margin of a clear rocky stream in late July. In LB, adults were collected from rocks and gravel along a stream margin in early August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
ON, NB, LB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Klimaszewski et al. (2011) reported this species for the first time for Canada from LB. Later, Brunke et al. (2012) reported an additional specimen from ON and suggested that this species might be more widespread in northeastern North America in habitats near running water.
Subtribe Phloeoporina C.G. Thomson, 1859
Phloeopora canadensis
Klimaszewski & Langor, 2011
Figures 486–493.
Phloeopora canadensis Klimaszewski & Langor: 486 habitus in dorsal view 487 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 488 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 489 male tergite VIII 490 male sternite VIII 491 female tergite VIII 492 female sternite VIII 493 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Phloeopora canadensis (For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011)
Material examined.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.VII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (3 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Sunpoke Lake, 45.7656°N, 66.5550°W, 20.VII-3.VIII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Red oak forest near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus rubra (1 ♀, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9990°N, 66.2623°W, 14–25.VI.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mature balsam fir forest with scattered red spruce & red maple, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 16–30.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest with red & white spruce, red & white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (2 ♂, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 3.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 sex undetermined, RWC); same data except 6.VI.2007 // Mature red spruce & red maple forest, under scolytid infested bark of red spruce (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 9–24.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Pinus strobus (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history.
Most NB specimens of Phloeopora canadensis were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, mostly in conifer or mixed forests. These included an old black spruce forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, a mature red and white spruce forest, an old white pine stand, an old mixed forest and a red oak forest (adjacent to a black spruce stand). The only specimens with microhabitat data were collected from under bark of red spruce and under scolytid (Dendroctonus) infested bark of red spruce in a red spruce stand. Adults were collected from May to July. In NF, this species was collected in May, July, and October from under bark of tamarack recently killed by Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Klimaszewski et al. 2011).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
QC, NB, NF (Bousquet et al. 2013).
Phloeopora gilbertae
Klimaszewski & Webster sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/59A46EAB-8630-4A35-AA56-945C45A2CCD1
Figures 494–500.
Phloeopora gilbertae Klimaszewski & Webster: 494 habitus in dorsal view 495 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 496 male tergite VIII 497 male sternite VIII 498 female tergite VIII 499 female sternite VIII 500 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Holotype (male).
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W. 18–28.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Gloucester Co., Bathurst, Daly Point Nature Preserve, 47.6392°N, 65.6098°W, 13–28.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, purple Lindgren funnel trap in canopy (1, AFC); same data but 25.VI-9.VII.2015, purple Lindgren funnel trap in canopy (1, AFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 11–26.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 sex undetermined, RWC); ca. 2.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 26.VI-8.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 25.V-7.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 29.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel traps under trees (2 sex undetermined, AFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 18–28.V.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 28.V-12.VI.2012 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (1 sex undetermined, LFC; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 29.VI-11.VII.2012 (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC); same data except 20.VI-5.VII.2013 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); Fredericton, Odell Park, 45.9539°N, 66.6666°W, 2–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 ♂, RWC). Northwest Territories, vic. Inuvik, 5 km SE townsite, 68.32881°N, 133.63556°W, 17.VII-3.VIII.2001 mixed Picea–Betula forest // UHR ethanol funnel trap 1c, M. Gavel et al., collectors (1 ♂, LFC).
Etymology.
This species is dedicated to Amélie Gilbert (LFC), who dissected thousands of specimens of Aleocharinae for our projects.
Description.
Body length 2.2–2.4 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel, black except tarsi and antennae reddish brown (Fig. 494); integument strongly glossy, moderately punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head subequal to pronotum in size, pubescence directed outward and posterolaterad from midline of disk; eyes large, slightly shorter than postocular area; antennal articles incrassate and articles V–X moderately to strongly transverse; pronotum trapezoidal in shape, broadest subapically, narrower than elytra, pubescence directed almost straight posteriad; elytra elongate, with distinct narrowly rounded shoulders, pubescence directed straight and obliquely posteriad; abdomen subparallel with three basal tergites deeply impressed basally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus long, narrow and curved ventrally (Fig. 495); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 496); sternite VIII with apical margin obtusely triangularly produced in middle one-sixth (Fig. 497). Female. Tergite VIII broadly arcuate apically (Fig. 498); sternite VIIII with apical margin broadly triangularly produced, apex rounded (Fig. 499); spermatheca with capsule spherical, stem forming loose coil in apical half, sinuous and narrower basad (Fig. 500).
Distribution.
This species is known from NB and the NT and is likely transcontinental in Canada.
Natural history.
All adults of Phloeopora gilbertae from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, most in hardwood forests. Specimens were captured in the canopy of a Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) stand, in the canopy of Populus tremuloides, Juglans cinerea L. (butternut) and under Tilia americana L. (American basswood) in a hardwood forest on an island in a river, in Lindgren traps under Populus balsamifera L. in a Populus balsamifera stand near a river, in a red oak stand with Populus, a hardwood stand, and in a Pinus banksiana forest. The specimen from the Northwest Territories was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in a mixed Picea–Betula forest. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August. Other members of this genus live in subcortical habitats (Klimaszewski et al. 2011, Webster et al. 2012), and we presume this species lives in similar habitats.
Comments.
This species may be separated from its Nearctic congeners by its body proportions, the uniformly black body color except for the appendages, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view, and the spermatheca. It differs from the other two eastern Canadian species, Phloeopora oregona Casey and Phloeopora canadensis Klimaszewski and Langor by the black body (brown with darker head in Phloeopora canadensis and Phloeopora oregona), the elongate rather than transverse elytra, the apical part of the median lobe of the tubus straight in lateral view (strongly produced in the other two species), the spermathecal stem forming a shorter loop, and male tergite VIII with the apex more abruptly produced than that of Phloeopora canadensis. For illustrations of Phloeopora canadensis, see Klimaszewski et al. 2011.
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgments
We thank Caroline Simpson (AFC) and Pamela Cheers (LFC) for editing this manuscript. Adam Brunke and Anthony Davies are thanked for their helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Anthony Davies is thanked for supplying records of Blepharhymenus brendeli in the CNC. Several plates were completed by Daphné Rondeau-Geoffrion, and Philippe Fortin (LFC). Chantelle Alderson, Nichole Brawn, Katie Burgess, Marie-Andrée Giguère, Rob Johns, Lisa Leachman, Marsella Laity, Colin MacKay, Wayne MacKay, Scott Makepeace, Michelle Roy, Jessica Price, Martin Turgeon, and Vincent Webster are thanked for technical assistance and collecting specimens. Martin Turgeon is thanked for assistance with locating sites in the boreal forest areas of northwestern New Brunswick. Stephen Clayden and David Malloch (New Brunswick Museum) are thanked for determining mushrooms. We thank Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the USDA APHIS for funding the study on early detection of invasive Cerambycidae, which provided specimens from Lindgren funnel traps. The Canadian Wildlife Service is thanked for funding insect surveys at the Portobello Creek National Wildlife Area, the New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund and New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund for funding various insect surveys over the past 8 years, and the Meduxnekeag River Association for permission to sample beetles at the Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve (which includes the Bell Forest). Biological survey work in the Jacquet River Gorge, Grand Lake Meadows, and Caledonia Gorge Protected Natural Areas was organized by Donald McAlpine through the New Brunswick Museum, with external funding from the New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund, Salamander Foundation, and the New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund. The New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources (Fish and Wildlife Branch) is thanked for issuing permits for sampling in the Protected Natural Areas. Parks Canada and Eric Tremblay are thanked for issuing a permit to sample beetles in Kouchibouguac National Park. Deanna McCullum (Canadian Forces Base Gagetown, Department of National Defence) is thanked for permission to sample on DND land near Gagetown, New Brunswick and Scott Makepeace (New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, Fish and Wildlife Branch) is thanked for assistance in locating study sites.
Citation
Webster RP, Klimaszewski J, Bourdon C, Sweeney JD, Hughes CC, Labrecque M (2016) Further contributions to the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) fauna of New Brunswick and Canada including descriptions of 27 new species. In: Webster RP, Bouchard P, Klimaszewski J (Eds) The Coleoptera of New Brunswick and Canada: providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data. ZooKeys 573: 85–216. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.573.7016
References
- Ahn K-J, Ashe JS. (1995) Systematic position of the intertidal genus Bryobiota Casey and a revised phylogeny of the falagriine genera of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88(2): 143–154. doi: 10.1093/aesa/88.2.143 [Google Scholar]
- Ashe JS. (1990) Natural history, development and immatures of Pleurotobia tristigmata (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 44(4): 445–460. [Google Scholar]
- Ashe JS. (1992) Phylogeny and revision of genera of the subtribe Bolitocharina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae; Aleocharinae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 54(10): 335–406. [Google Scholar]
- Ashe JS. (2000) Aleocharinae. In: Arnett RH, Thomas MC. (Eds) American Beetles, Volume 1: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 299–319, 358–374. [Google Scholar]
- Assing V. (1995) Ernstnachweis von Oligota inexpectata Williams für Deutschland, mit Bemerkungen zur Unterscheidung von O. pusillima (Gravenhorst) und O. pumilio Kiesenwetter (Col., Staphylinidae). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 39(4): 224–226. [Google Scholar]
- Assing V. (1997) A revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Myrmecopora Saulcy, 1864, senso lato and Eccoptoglossa Luze, 1904 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Falagriini). Beiträge zur Entomologie 47(1): 69–151. [Google Scholar]
- Assing V. (2002) A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of Amarochara Thomson. I. The species of the Holarctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini). Beiträge zur Entomologie 52(1): 111–204. [Google Scholar]
- Assing V. (2003) A new species of Oligota from Morocco, with redescriptions of O. tugurtana Fauvel and O. pilicornis Fauvel (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 35(1): 533–537. [Google Scholar]
- Assing V. (2008) The genus Calodera Mannerheim in Canada (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 2: 203–208. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.2.6 [Google Scholar]
- Assing V, Wunderle P. (2008) On the Alevonota species of the western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge zur Entomologie 58(1): 145–189. [Google Scholar]
- Bernhauer M. (1907) Neue Aleocharini aus Nordamerika. (Col.) (3. Stück.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907(4): 381–405. [Google Scholar]
- Bernhauer M. (1909) Neue Aleocharini aus Nordamerika. (Col.) (4. Stück.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909(4): 515–528. [Google Scholar]
- Bousquet Y, Bouchard P, Davies AE, Sikes D. (2013) Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 109, Sofia-Moscow, 402 pp. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brunke AJ. (2011, unpubl.) Diversity, habitat use and potential biocontrol services of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in soybean agroecosystems and adjacent hedgerows. MSc thesis, Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, xv + 285 pp. [Google Scholar]
- Brunke AJ, Klimaszewski J, Dorval J-A, Bourdon C, Paiero SM, Marshall SA. (2012) New species and distributional records of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Ontario, Canada, with a checklist of recorded species. ZooKeys 186: 119–206. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.186.2947 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casey TL. (1894) [1893] Coleopterological notices. V. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 7(6/12): 281–606, pl. 1. [the actual year of publication was 1894 but it is cited often as 1893] [Google Scholar]
- Casey TL. (1906) Observation on the Staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the American Society of St. Louis 16: 125–434. [Google Scholar]
- Fauvel A. (1889) Liste des coléoptères communs à l’Europe et à l’Amérique du Nord. D’après le catalogue de M. J. Hamilton. Avec remarques et additions. Revue d’Entomologie 8: 92–174. [Google Scholar]
- Fenyes A. (1918) Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae. Genera Insectorum 173: 1–110. [Google Scholar]
- Frank JH. (1972) The genus Oligota Mannerheim in the Caribbean region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 26(4): 125–146. [Google Scholar]
- Frank JH. (1976) New records of Oligota Mannerheim (Staphylinidae) in Florida. The Coleopterists Bulletin 29 [1975](4): 279–280. [Google Scholar]
- Frank JH, Bennett FD, Cromroy HL. (1992) Distribution and prey records for Oligota minuta (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a predator of mites. The Florida Entomologist 75(3): 376–380. doi: 10.2307/3495859 [Google Scholar]
- Génier F. (1989) A revision of the genus Hoplandria Kraatz of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 150: 3–59. [Google Scholar]
- Gusarov VI. (2003a) Revision of some types of North American aleocharinaes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with synonymic notes. ZooTaxa 353: 1–134. [Google Scholar]
- Gusarov VI. (2003b) A revision of the genus Seeversiella Ashe 1986 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 142: 1–102. [Google Scholar]
- Hoebeke ER. (1988) Review of the genus Thamiaraea Thomson in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 96(1): 16–25. [Google Scholar]
- Hoebeke ER. (1994) Thamiaraea paralira, a new species from North America, and new distributional and habitat data for other Nearctic species of Thamiaraea (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96(1): 1–7. [Google Scholar]
- Hughes CC, Johns RC, Sweeney JD. (2014) A technical guide to installing beetle traps in the upper crown of trees. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society 10: 12–18. [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 129: 1–211. doi: 10.4039/entm116129fv [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Peck SB. (1986) A review of the cavernicolous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of eastern North America: Part I. Aleocharinae. Quaestiones Entomologicae 22(2): 51–113. [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Pelletier G, Sweeney J. (2002) Genus Tinotus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from America north of Mexico: review of the types, distribution records, and key to species. The Canadian Entomologist 134(3): 281–298. doi: 10.4039/Ent134281-3 [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Pelletier G. (2004) Review of the Ocalea group of genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) in Canada and Alaska: new taxa, bionomics, and distribution. The Canadian Entomologist 136(4): 443–500. doi: 10.4039/n03-069 [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Sweeney J, Price J, Pelletier G. (2005) Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species. The Canadian Entomologist 137(1): 1–48. doi: 10.4039/n03-123 [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Assing V, Majka CG, Pelletier G, Webster RP, Langor DW. (2007) Records of adventive aleocharine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) found in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 139(1): 54–79. doi: 10.4039/n05-105 [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Savard K. (2009a) First record of the genus Schistoglossa Kraatz from Canada with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). In: Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (Eds) Biodiversity, Biosystematics, and Ecology of Canadian Coleoptera II. ZooKeys 22: 45–79. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.22.153
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Savard K. (2009b) Review of the rove beetle species of the subtribe Gyrophaenina Kraatz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from New Brunswick, Canada: new species, provincial records and bionomic information. In: Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (Eds) Biodiversity, Biosystematics, and Ecology of Canadian Coleoptera II. ZooKeys 22: 81–170. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.22.219
- Klimaszewski J, Langor D, Pelletier G, Bourdon C, Perdereau L. (2011) Aleocharine beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia and Moscow, 313 pp. [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Godin B, Bourdon C. (2012) Further contributions to the aleocharine fauna of the Yukon Territory, Canada (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 186: 207–237. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.186.2674 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Brunke A, Assing V, Langor DW, Newton AF, Bourdon C, Pelletier G, Webster RP, Herman L, Perdereau L, Davies A, Smetana A, Chandler DS, Majka C, Scudder GR. (2013a) Synopsis of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from Canada. Part 2: Staphylinidae. Pensoft, Sofia–Moscow, 360 pp. [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Langor DW, Bourdon C, Jacobs J. (2013b) Review of Canadian species of the genus Dinaraea Thomson, with descriptions of six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Athetini). ZooKeys 327: 65–101. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.327.5908 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Langor DW, Bourdon C, Hammond HEJ, Pohl GR, Godin B. (2014) Review of Canadian species of the genera Gnathusa Fenyes, Mniusa Mulsant & Rey and Ocyusa Kraatz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 412: 9–40. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.412.7282 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Godin B, Langor D, Bourdon C, Lee S-I, Horwood D. (2015a) New distribution records for Canadian Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), and new synonymies for Trichiusa. ZooKeys 498: 51–91. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.498.9282 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Bourdon C, Pelletier G, Godin B, Langor DW. (2015b) Review of Canadian species of the genus Mocyta Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), with the description of a new species and a new synonymy. ZooKeys 487: 111–139. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.487.9151 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Sikes D, Bourdon C, Labrecque M. (2015c) A review of Canadian and Alaskan species of the genera Clusiota Casey and Atheta Thomson, subgenus Microdota Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 524: 103–136. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.524.6105 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindgren BS. (1983) A multiple funnel trap for scolytid beetles (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 115(3): 299–302. doi: 10.4039/Ent115299-3 [Google Scholar]
- Lohse GA. (1974) Tribe Gyrophaenini. In: Freude H, Harde KW, Lohse GA. (Eds) Die Käfer Mitteleuropas. Band 5. Staphylinidae II (Hypocyphtinae und Aleocharinae), Pselaphidae. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 25–34. [Google Scholar]
- Lohse GA, Klimaszewski J, Smetana A. (1990) Revision of Arctic Aleocharinae of North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 44(2): 121–202. [Google Scholar]
- Majka CG, Klimaszewski J, Lauff RF. (2008a) The coastal rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Atlantic Canada: a survey and new records. In: Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (Eds) Biodiversity, Biosystematics, and Ecology of Canadian Coleoptera. ZooKeys 2: 115–150. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.2.2
- Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (2008b) New records of Canadian Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 2: 85–114. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.2.7 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (2010) Contributions to the knowledge of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. ZooKeys 46: 15–39. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.46.413 [Google Scholar]
- Maruyama M, Klimaszewski J. (2004) A new genus and species of the myrmecophilous Athetini, Paragoniusa myrmicae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Canada. Entomological Review of Japan 59: 241–248. [Google Scholar]
- Maruyama M, Klimaszewski J. (2006) Notes on myrmecophilous aleocharines (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Canada, with a description of a new species of Myrmoecia. Bulletin of the National Science Museum of Tokyo, Ser. A 32(3): 125–131. [Google Scholar]
- Seevers CH. (1951) A revision of the North American and European staphylinid beetles of the subtribe Gyrophaenae (Aleocharinae, Bolitocharini). Fieldiana: Zoology 32(10): 657–762. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.2816 [Google Scholar]
- Seevers CH. (1978) A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) [with additions and annotations by Lee H. Herman]. Fieldiana: Zoology 71: i–vi, 1–289.
- Smetana A. (2004) Subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1921. In: Löbl I, Smetana A. (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 353–494.
- Strand A, Vik A. (1964) Die Genitalorgane der nordischen Arten der Gattung Atheta Thoms. (Col., Staphylinidae). Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 12(5-8): 327–335, Taf. I-XXI. [Google Scholar]
- Webster RP, Klimaszewski J, Pelletier G, Savard K. (2009) New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. 1. Aleocharinae. In: Majka CG, Klimaszewski J. (Eds) Biodiversity, Biosystematics, and Ecology of Canadian Coleoptera II. ZooKeys 22: 171–248. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152
- Webster RP, Klimaszewski J, Sweeney JD, DeMerchant I. (2012) New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, and an addition to the fauna of Quebec, Canada: Aleocharinae. In: Klimaszewski J, Anderson R. (Eds) Biosystematics and Ecology of Canadian Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) II. ZooKeys 186: 83–118. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.186.2655 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Williams SA. (1970a) Notes on the genus Oligota Mannerheim (Col., Staphylinidae) and a key to the British species. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 106: 54–62. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1970b) Notes on the genus Oligota (2): a European species new to science and the distribution of O. muensteri Bernh. (Col., Staphylinidae). The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 106: 109–110. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1972) A Brazilian species of Oligota (Col., Staphylinidae) new to science and imported into Britain. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 108: 38–39. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1973a) Further notes on the genus Oligota (Col., Staphylinidae). The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 108: 107–109. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1973b) The genus Oligota Mannerheim (Col., Staphylinidae) in the Canary Islands. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 108: 222–229. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1975) The Oligota (Col., Staphylinidae) of Madeira. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. No. XXIX. 128: 18–25. [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1976) The genus Oligota (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 247–255. doi: 10.1080/03014223.1976.9517914 [Google Scholar]
- Williams SA. (1979) The genus Oligota Mannerheim (Col., Staphylinidae) in the Ethiopian region. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 114: 177–190. [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.