Table 3.
Cohort characteristics, stratified by exposure to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy before 72 hours after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, before and after propensity score matching.
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Exposed (n = 916) |
Unexposed (n = 3,149) |
P value | Exposed (n = 916) |
Unexposed (n = 916) |
P value |
| Age (median) | 70.5 | 62.4 | < 0.001 | 70.5 | 70.9 | 0.64 |
| Male sex (%) | 58.1 | 65.9 | < 0.001 | 58.1% | 57.5% | 0.81 |
| Race or ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 28.4% | 32.3% | 0.02 | 28.4% | 28.8% | 0.84 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1.2% | 1.7% | 0.23 | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.00 |
| African American/Black | 4.5% | 7.4% | < 0.001 | 4.5% | 4.7% | 0.82 |
| Asian | 3.5% | 2.9% | 0.37 | 3.5% | 3.2% | 0.70 |
| Other | 1.1% | 1.3% | 0.60 | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.83 |
| Unknown/missing | 62.6% | 56.6% | <0.01 | 62.6% | 62.7% | 0.96 |
| Medical comorbidities, (%) | ||||||
| CAD | 4.7% | 4.9% | 0.81 | 4.7% | 4.4% | 0.74 |
| MI | 10.0% | 9.9% | 0.88 | 10.0% | 9.4% | 0.64 |
| CHF | 11.6% | 7.8% | <0.01 | 11.6% | 12.1% | 0.72 |
| CABG | 4.9% | 4.5% | 0.62 | 4.9% | 5.3% | 0.67 |
| Diabetes | 22.1% | 19.7% | 0.13 | 22.1% | 23.4% | 0.50 |
| Dialysis | 2.3% | 1.2% | 0.04 | 2.3% | 2.3% | 1.00 |
| Illicit drug or alcohol use | 4.7% | 4.9% | 0.78 | 4.7% | 3.8% | 0.36 |
| Cancer | 8.6% | 5.3% | <0.01 | 8.6% | 7.9% | 0.55 |
| Terminal illness | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.50 | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.32 |
| Residential status, (%) | ||||||
| Home | 83.3% | 90.8% | < 0.001 | 83.3% | 84.4% | 0.95 |
| Rehabilitation | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.3% | ||
| Assisted living | 3.1% | 1.9% | 3.1% | 2.9% | ||
| Nursing home | 10.9% | 4.6% | 10.9% | 10.0% | ||
| Unknown | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.3% | ||
| Initial rhythm shockable (%) | ||||||
| No | 74.5% | 51.3% | 74.5% | 74.1% | ||
| Yes | 24.7% | 48.0% | < 0.001 | 24.7% | 24.9% | 0.96 |
| Missing | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.0% | ||
| 911 to CPR time (min) | 9.8 | 10.3 | 0.07 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 0.92 |
| CPR to ROSC Time (min) | 17.0 | 13.3 | < 0.001 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 0.91 |
| Witnessed arrest (%) | 59.2% | 72.0% | < 0.001 | 59.2% | 60.3% | 0.63 |
| STEMI (%) | ||||||
| No | 84.2% | 75.9% | 84.2% | 84.0% | ||
| Yes | 9.2% | 18.6% | <0.001 | 9.2% | 10.2% | 0.64 |
| Missing | 6.7% | 5.4% | 6.7% | 5.9% | ||
| TTM/hypothermia (%) | 37.3% | 44.8% | < 0.001 | 37.3% | 36.7% | 0.77 |
| Cardiac cath within 24h (%) | 8.8% | 25.0% | < 0.001 | 8.8% | 8.0% | 0.50 |
| Outcomes n (%) | ||||||
| Overall survival to discharge | 0 (0) | 1432 (45) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 226 (25) | <0.001 |
| Functionally favorable survival | 0 (0) | 1068 (34) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 149 (16) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CAD – Coronary artery disease; MI – Myocardial infarction; CHF – Congestive heart failure; CABG – Coronary artery bypass grafting; CPR – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC – Return of spontaneous circulation; STEMI – ST-elevation myocardial infarction; TTM – Targeted temperature management; Cath – catheterization