Abstract
Blood was collected simultaneously from the left ventricle and pulmonary artery in 12 patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterisation and was analysed for noradrenaline concentrations at rest, during, and after isometric stress (hand grip). Moderate isometric exercise resulted in a significant rise in plasma noradrenaline with a return to basal values 10 minutes after discontinuing the grip test. There were no significant differences in noradrenaline levels between the left ventricular and pulmonary arterial samples either at rest or during exercise. Three patients with evident left ventricular dysfunction had the highest plasma noradrenaline concentrations, in contrast to the much lower levels in 2 patients on beta-blockers and in 1 patient with a normal heart. As moderate isometric effort results in an important increase in noradrenaline level, this form of exercise could be dangerous in subjects suffering from ischaemic heart disease or in those with impaired left ventricular function since these patients are particularly susceptible to arrhythmias.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aronow W. S., Harding P. R., DeQuattro V., Isbell M. Diurnal variation of plasma catecholamines and systolic time intervals. Chest. 1973 May;63(5):722–726. doi: 10.1378/chest.63.5.722. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coote J. H., Hilton S. M., Perez-Gonzalez J. F. The reflex nature of the pressor response to muscular exercise. J Physiol. 1971 Jul;215(3):789–804. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009498. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freyschuss U. Elicitation of heart rate and blood pressure increase on muscle contraction. J Appl Physiol. 1970 Jun;28(6):758–761. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1970.28.6.758. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillis C. N., Greene N. M., Cronau L. H., Hammond G. L. Pulmonary extraction of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine before and after cardiopulmonary bypass in man. Circ Res. 1972 Jun;30(6):666–674. doi: 10.1161/01.res.30.6.666. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grossman W., McLaurin L. P., Saltz S. B., Paraskos J. A., Dalen J. E., Dexter L. Changes in the inotropic state of the left ventricle during isometric exercise. Br Heart J. 1973 Jul;35(7):697–704. doi: 10.1136/hrt.35.7.697. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henry D. P., Starman B. J., Johnson D. G., Williams R. H. A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for norepinephrine in tissues and plasma. Life Sci. 1975 Feb 1;16(3):375–384. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(75)90258-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kasser I. S., Kennedy J. W. Measurement of left ventricular volumes in man by single-plane cineangiocardiography. Invest Radiol. 1969 Mar-Apr;4(2):83–90. doi: 10.1097/00004424-196904020-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozlowski S., Brzezinska Z., Nazar K., Kowalski W., Franczyk M. Plasma catecholamines during sustained isometric exercise. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1973 Dec;45(6):723–731. doi: 10.1042/cs0450723. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krayenbuehl H. P., Rutishauser W., Schoenbeck M., Amende I. Evaluation of left ventricular function from isovolumic pressure measurements during isometric exercise. Am J Cardiol. 1972 Mar;29(3):323–330. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(72)90526-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krayenbuehl H. P., Rutishauser W., Wirz P., Amende I., Mehmel H. High-fidelity left ventricular pressure measurements for the assessment of cardiac contractility in man. Am J Cardiol. 1973 Apr;31(4):415–427. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(73)90289-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lake C. R., Ziegler M. G., Kopin I. J. Use of plasma norepinephrine for evaluation of sympathetic neuronal function in man. Life Sci. 1976 Jun 1;18(11):1315–1325. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(76)90210-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lind A. R. Cardiovascular responses to static exercise. (Isometrics, anyone?). Circulation. 1970 Feb;41(2):173–176. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.41.2.173. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lind A. R., McNicol G. W. Muscular factors which determine the cardiovascular responses to sustained and rhythmic exercise. Can Med Assoc J. 1967 Mar 25;96(12):706–715. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacDonald H. R., Sapru R. P., Taylor S. H., Donald K. W. Effect of intravenous propranolol on the systemic circulatory response to sustained handgrip. Am J Cardiol. 1966 Sep;18(3):333–344. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(66)90051-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Passon P. G., Peuler J. D. A simplified radiometric assay for plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. Anal Biochem. 1973 Feb;51(2):618–631. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90517-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROBERTSON J. D., REID D. D. Standards for the basal metabolism of normal people in Britain. Lancet. 1952 May 10;1(6715):940–943. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(52)90543-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stefadouros M. A., Grossman W., el-Shahawy M., Witham C. The effect of isometric exercise on the left ventricular volume in normal man. Circulation. 1974 Jun;49(6):1185–1189. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.49.6.1185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vecht R. J. The grip test: a simple method for the assessment of left ventricular performance. Eur J Cardiol. 1976 Sep;4(3):335–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]