CTLA4-Ig treatment of RBP4-Ox mice reduces RBP4-induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance. RBP4-Ox mice were treated with CTLA4-Ig (intraperitoneally) 3 times a week for 6 weeks. A: Glucose tolerance test (left panel) and insulin tolerance test (right panel). Body weight (B) and serum insulin, triglycerides, and FFA (C). D: Flow cytometry representation of gated AT CD4 T cells intracellularly stained with IFN-γ and TNF (top panel). Number of CD4 T cells intracellularly stained for IFN-γ and TNF (bottom panel). E: Flow cytometry representation (top panel) and number (bottom panel) of total, CD11c+, and CD206+ AT macrophages. F: Flow cytometry representation (left panel) and number (right panel) of total CD4+ and CD4+CD69+ (activated) T cells. n = 10/group. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. all other groups or as indicated. ∞P < 0.05 vs. chow-fed, same genotype.