Table 1.
Demographic data and clinic-biological characteristics of patients at diagnosis.
| Demographic data and clinical characteristics | MGUS (n = 86 ) | SMM1 (n = 25 ) | p < 2 | MM (n = 53 ) | p < 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: Female/Male (% Females) | 42/44 (48,8%) | 17/8 (68.0%) | 27/26 (50.9%) | |||
| Age: years (Mean ± SEM ) | 67.0 ± 1.4 | 65.6 ± 2.9 | 68.4 ± 1.7 | |||
| Risk and ISS stratification (n) 4 | 42 / 41 / 0 | 3 / 7 / 15 | 12 / 23 / 18 | |||
| Monoclonal component | ||||||
| Monoclonal component, g/dL (Mean ± SEM ) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.05 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 0.001* | |
| Bence Jones protein, no Yes/No (% Yes) | 10/62 (13.9%) | 11/12 (47.8%) | 0.001 | 34/12 (73.9%) | 0.001 | |
| Immunoparesis, no Yes/No (% Yes) | 20/66 (23.3%) | 21/4 (84%) | 0.001 | 48/5 (90.6%) | 0.001 | |
| Plasma cells (histology and immunophenotype) | ||||||
| Histology-BMPC, % (Mean ± SEM ) | 3.96 ± 0.3 | 16.5 ± 2.6 | 0.001 | 33.9 ± 2.9 | 0.001* | |
| Ratio aberrant/total-BMPC (Mean ± SEM ) | 73.1 ± 2.3 | 89.9 ± 4.1 | 0.001 | 96.0 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | |
| Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) | ||||||
| p53 deletion, no Yes/No (% Yes) | 1/73 (1.3%) | 2/20 (9.1%) | 4/46 (8.0%) | |||
| 13q deletion, no Yes/No (%Yes) | 3/70 (4.1%) | 2/20 (9.1%) | 12/37 (24.5%) | 0.001 | ||
| Break of IgH, no Yes/No (%Yes) | 2/73 (2.7%) | 4/18 (18.2%) | 0.05 | 9/38 (19.1%) | 0.01 | |
| Aneuploidy, no Yes/No (% Yes) | 11/61 (15.3%) | 6/14 (30.0%) | 22/24 (57.8%) | 0.001 | ||
| Any FISH alteration, no Yes/No (%Yes) | 15/61 (21.6%) | 13/8 (61.9%) | 0.001 | 34/14 (70.8%) | 0.001 | |
Chr, Chromosome; SEM indicates standard error of mean;
1
Following new criteria of the Myeloma Working Group,32 20 out of 25 SMM should be included in the MM group.
2
Significant difference between MGUS and SMM (Pearson's χ2, Fisher's exact or Mann–Whitney tests).
3
Significant difference between MGUS and MM (Pearson's χ2, Fisher's exact or Mann–Whitney tests).
4
Risk factors (0/1/2 score) in MGUS and SMM, and international scoring system (ISS, I/II/III score) in MM. 33,34
*
Differences lower than p < 0.05 between SMM and MM.